Table 3.

Agreement between QUS and OSTA scores in identifying subjects at risk of osteoporosis

Sex	Male (n=283)			Female (n=362)			Overall (n=645)
	Kappa	p-value	n	Kappa	p-value	n	Kappa	p-value	n
Chinese	0.068	0.273	140	0.186	0.001	208	0.120	0.006	348
Malay	0.037	0.549	110	0.338	<0.001	124	0.185	<0.001	234
Indian	0.113	0.305	33	0.235	0.068	30	0.172	0.047	63
Overall	0.066	0.114	283	0.236	<0.001	362	0.148	<0.001	645

Notes: The table indicates the kappa test results based on two classification systems: QUS (normal if T-score >−1, medium risk if T-score is between −2.5 and −1, high risk if T-score <−2.5) and OSTA (normal if score >−1, medium risk if score is between −4 and −1, and high risk if score <−4). Kappa value >0.6 indicates a moderate agreement and >0.8 a strong agreement. However, agreement is poor in this study. Bolded p-values are statistically significant (p<0.05).

Abbreviations: OSTA, osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Asians; QUS, quantitative ultrasound.