Table 1.

Differences in VAS pain scores between experimental and control groups for injection and extraction

	Group	n	Mean VAS	SD	t	P-value*
Injection	PDLa	55	44.44	4.57	14.4	<0.001
	Infiltrationb	55	32.38	4.2
Extraction	PDL	55	22.8	3.93	10.18	<0.001
	Infiltration	55	15.24	3.86

Notes:

^aExperimental;

^bcontrol.

^*Student’s t-test.

Abbreviations: VAS, visual analog scale; PDL, periodontal ligament.