. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 13.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012 Feb 28;21(5):793–799. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-1005

Table 3.

Performance characteristics of HCC surveillance tests

Test	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	Positive likelihood ratio	Negative likelihood ratio	Sensitivity for early-stage HCC^a (%)
AFP	27/41 (65.9)	363/401 (90.5)	7.0	0.38	19/41 (46.3)
Ultrasound	18/41 (43.9)^b	367/401 (91.5)	5.2	0.61	13/41 (31.7)
Ultrasound and AFP	37/41 (90.2)^b	334/401 (83.3)	5.4	0.12	26/41 (63.4)

Early-stage tumors were defined by the Milan criteria (one tumor <5 cm in maximum diameter or 3 tumors <3 cm each).

When excluding the 10 patients without an ultrasound within 6 months of HCC diagnosis, sensitivity of ultrasound alone was 58.1% (18 of 31) and sensitivity of combination ultrasound/AFP was 87.1% (27 of 31).