Table 1.

A list of the markers that were used for prediction in this study.

Traditional Risk Factors, Demographics, Anthropometry, Site

Age, gender, race, body mass index, body surface area, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, diabetes, smoking status, pack years, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, heart rate, creatinine, site, waist circumference, Hip circumference, fasting glucose

Medication use

All hypertension, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin-II Receptor Blockers, lipid-control, statins, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers

Atherosclerotic markers – computed tomography, carotid ultrasonography

Coronary artery calcium score, ankle-brachial index, common and internal carotid artery intima media thickness, maximum carotid stenosis

Questionnaire

Family history of heart attacks, Alcohol use, Number of drinks per week, emphysema, asthma, arthritis, Cancer, liver disease, education level, economic status/income, exercise metabolic equivalents

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) markers

Left ventricular (LV) mass, LV End-diastolic volume, LV End-systolic volume, LV Ejection fraction, LV mass-volume ratio, LV stroke volume, LV sphericity index at end-diastole and end-systole, LV cardiac output, LV end-diastolic wall thickness, LV end-systolic wall thickness, ascending aortic distensibility, descending aortic distensibility, pulse wave velocity, maximum ascending aortic area, maximum descending aortic area, aortic arch distance, Maximum left atrial (LA) volume, Minimum LA volume, Maximum LA strain, Total LA ejection fraction, Passive LA ejection fraction, Active LA ejection fraction, Right ventricular (RV) mass, RV End-diastolic volume, RV End-systolic volume, RV Ejection fraction, RV stroke volume.

Lab Biomarkers

Interleukin-2 soluble receptor, Plasmin-Antiplasmin Complex, D-dimer, Factor viii, N-Terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, cardiac troponin T, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, fibrinogen, homocysteine, Tissue necrosis factor-a soluble receptor

Electrocardiographic (ECG) main

PR duration, QRS duration, QT duration, P-axis, QRS axis, T-axis, Minnesota codes, ECG-LV hypertrophy by cornell voltage and novacode, heart rate variability short-term and overall components, Cornell voltage

ECG all

P, P’, Q, R, R’, S, S’, T and T’ wave duration, amplitude, area, and intrinsicoid; Middle and End of ST segment amplitudes; Amplitude at the point of 60 msecs from J-point; STJ amplitude; total QRS area, balance, deflection balance, intrinsicoid; for each of the leads (AVL, AVR, AVF, I, II, III, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6).