. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Nov 1.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Cardiol. 2017 Jul 31;120(9):1528–1532. doi: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.07.046

Table 3.

Hazard Ratios and C-Statistics in Cox Proportional Hazards Models to Predict Incident Cardiovascular Events

Variables	Univariate Cox Model Hazard Ratios (95% CI)			Multivariate TRF + CIMT Cox Model Hazard Ratios (95% CI)

	Men	Women	Overall	Men	Women	Overall
Carotid intima-media thickness (mm)	8.9 (4.0 – 19.9)^*	10.6 (6.6 – 17.0)^*	10.2 (6.7 – 15.4)^*	4.3 (1.6 – 11.6)^*	4.2 (2.3 – 7.7)^*	3.6 (2.1 – 6.0)^*
Age (years) at baseline visit	1.9 (1.5 – 2.3)^*	2.3 (1.9 – 2.8)^*	2.1 (1.8 – 2.4)^*	1.5 (1.2 – 1.9)^*	1.8 (1.4 – 2.3)^*	1.7 (1.4 – 2.0)^*
Body mass index (kg/m²)	1.0 (0.8 – 1.2)	0.9 (0.8 – 1.1)	0.9 (0.8 – 1.0)
Current smoking status (yes or no)	1.5 (0.8 – 2.7)	1.9 (1.1 – 3.2)^*	1.7 (1.2 – 2.5)^*		2.7 (1.6 – 4.6)^*	2.1 (1.4 – 3.2)^*
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	0.9 (0.8 – 1.1)	1.0 (0.9 – 1.1)	1.0 (0.9 – 1.1)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	1.3 (1.1 – 1.4)^*	1.4 (1.3 – 1.5)^*	1.4 (1.3 – 1.5)^*		1.2 (1.1 – 1.4)^*	1.2 (1.1 – 1.3)^*
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.8 (0.7 – 1.0)	1.3 (1.2 – 1.5)^*	1.1 (1.0 – 1.2)
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	1.1 (0.9 – 1.3)	1.0 (0.8 – 1.1)	1.0 (0.9 – 1.1)
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.8 (0.7 – 1.0)	1.3 (1.1 – 1.5)^*	1.1 (1.0 – 1.2)	0.8 (0.6 – 1.0)
Diabetes status (yes or no)	3.1 (1.8 – 5.1)^*	2.8 (1.9 – 4.1)^*	2.8 (2.1 – 3.9)^*	2.2 (1.3 – 3.7)^*	1.9 (1.3 – 2.9)^*	2.0 (1.5 – 2.8)^*
Hypertension status (yes or no)	2.4 (1.4 – 4.1)^*	2.3 (1.5 – 3.5)^*	2.3 (1.7 – 3.2)^*

Variables				C-Statistics (95% CI)
Variables				After calibrated with 5-year survival probabilities

Carotid intima-media thickness (mm)				.650 (.557 – .743)	.723 (.657 – .789)	.697 (.643 – .751)
Age (years)				.728 (.639 – .817)	.758 (.701 – .814)	.746 (.697 – .795)
Significant traditional risk factors^**				.754 (.683 – .826)	.837 (.794 – .881)	.802 (.762 – .841)
Final model=carotid intima-media thickness + significant traditional risk factors^**				.763 (.701 – .825)	.842 (.798 – .886)	.805 (.768 – .843)

CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness; TRF, traditional risk factors;

p-value < 0.05

^**

Significant traditional risk factors included in the Cox models for men = age, diabetes status and LDL cholesterol

Significant traditional risk factors included in the Cox models for women and for overall = age, diabetes status, current smoking status, and systolic blood pressure