Figure 3.

Effects of surface priming on adhesion of a crosslinked PMA resin. a) Schematic of the experimental procedure used in the lap shear test. b,c) Schematic drawing of silane-grafted (b) and catechol-primed (c) silicate mineral surfaces. Lap shear strengths of cured PMA on: d) mica, e) glass, and f) tooth enamel (IRB No. S-D20 160003) surfaces treated with different primers (MDP, silane, P₁, P₂, P₃, and P₄). In each case, the RMS surface roughness R_RMS (measured in AFM) is shown. g) Schematic showing the experimental procedure used in the SFA measurements. h) Adhesion force (left axis) and pressure (right axis) between two identical primer-treated mica surfaces. P-values were calculated using the Student’s t-test to assess statistical certainty of the comparisons (*p < 0.01; **p < 0.001).