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. 2017 Oct 10;23:718–739.

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Copyright © 2017 Molecular Vision.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, used for non-commercial purposes, and is not altered or transformed.

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Western blot analysis and retinal DNA levels in rats reared for 6 weeks in low- or high-cyclic light. Retinal proteins (20 μg/lane), pooled from four to five rats, were electrophoresed on 12.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels, transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes, and then probed with antibodies as indicated in Appendix 1. Rats exposed to intense light for 6 h and then kept in darkness for 2 weeks (B, E). The fellow eyes were used for DNA measurements (C), [n = 8 for No LD]. Density profiles determined by Image J analysis. A: Cone opsin levels were lower in all rats reared under high cyclic light than for those reared in low cyclic light, whereas medium wavelength cone arrestin (mCAR) staining was lower in only the rats fed AREDS. There were no major differences in rhodopsin and S-antigen levels for AREDS (A), zinc oxide (Z), or AREDS antioxidants minus zinc (AO). Multiple CEP protein adducts were present, with greater staining for the 200 lux cyclic light-reared rats than for those reared in 20 lux light. B: Two weeks after exposure to acute intense light, higher levels of cone- and rod-opsins were present in rats from the high light condition versus low cyclic light. S-antigen and mCAR levels were similar. C: Individual antioxidants had little effect on retinal DNA for rats reared in 20 lux cyclic light (55–79 μg/retina); DNA levels for 200 lux cyclic light animals (107–128 μg) were significantly higher (p<0.05). D: Rats fed vehicle (V), rosemary (R), AREDS + rosemary (A+R), or zinc oxide + rosemary (Z+R). Cone opsin levels were higher in rats reared in 20 lux cyclic light than for those reared in 200 lux light. Rhodopsin (monomer) and S-antigen levels were unchanged by higher light rearing conditions, or by antioxidant feeding E: Two weeks after photooxidative damage considerable loss of cone opsin and rhodopsin (monomer) occurred in rats originally from the 20 lux light environment, and rhodopsin was still undergoing degradation. mCAR levels were preserved in A+R and Z+R rats, whereas S-antigen levels were low in all retinas. Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was the control for protein loading.