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. 2016 Apr 22;1(1):7–16. doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.03.002

Table 1.

Mutagens used for avermectin overproduction.

Mutagens
Physical mutagenesis Ultraviolet rays (UV)
12C+6 heavy ion beams
Co60 gamma rays
High-magnet gravitational environment (HMGE)
RF APGD plasma jet
Spaceflight
Chemical mutagenesis Methyl methanesulphonate (MMS)
N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG)
Nitrous acid (NA)
Composite mutagenesis UV + HNO2 + NTG + L- Ile
Co60 gamma rays-Met-5-fluorouracil
UV + LiCl
UV + NTG