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. 2017 Oct 13;7:13186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13732-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Artificial mucus protects influenza A virus (IAV) against alcoholic disinfectants. IAV [PR8, A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1)] was mixed with artificial mucus and incubated for 30 s with alcohol-based disinfectants (80% ethanol, 70% 2-propanol, or 60% 1-propanol) before titre ratio was measured. A rheological analysis was also carried out to evaluate viscosity of artificial mucus. Viscosity of artificial mucus and titre ratios when IAV was mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose-based (A), guar gum-based (B), xanthan gum-based (C), and gelatin-based (D) artificial mucus followed by incubation with alcohol-based disinfectants. Titre ratio was defined as the ratio of the titre measured after incubation with disinfectant to the titre measured after incubation with PBS alone. The titre ratio reflected the proportion of virus (IAV) that was not inactivated by the disinfectant. Data are expressed as mean ± S.D. of at least three independent experiments. UD, undetectable. *P < 0.001.