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. 2017 Oct 13;7:13186. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13732-2

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of alcohol-based disinfectants over time on viral titre ratios. IAV was mixed with artificial mucus and incubated for 30, 60, 120, and 240 s with alcohol-based disinfectants (80% ethanol or 60% 1-propanol) before viral titre ratio was measured. (A–C) Titre ratios of IAV mixed with carboxymethyl cellulose-based (A), guar gum-based (B), and xanthan gum-based (C) artificial mucus followed by incubation with 80% ethanol. (D) Titre ratios of IAV mixed with xanthan gum-based artificial mucus and incubated with 60% 1-propanol. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD based on at least three independent experiments.