Table 3.

Outcome measures pre and post 12-week intervention

	HIIT (n = 15)		CT (n = 15)		CON (n = 15)		Interaction effect
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	P	Partial η 2
TBM (kg)	67.3 ± 13.5	66.6 ± 13.7†	72.6 ± 17.5	72.1 ± 17.8	76.1 ± 19.4	76.5 ± 19.0	0.066	0.122
BMI (kg/m2)	25.3 ± 4.9	25.0 ± 5.1	26.9 ± 6.3	26.8 ± 6.4	28.4 ± 6.9	28.5 ± 6.6	0.130	0.093
LM (kg)	42.5 ± 4.2	42.3 ± 4.1	42.9 ± 6.2	42.6 ± 6.2	44.1 ± 6.8	44.1 ± 6.6	0.899	0.005
FM (kg)	24.3 ± 11.6	24.0 ± 13.2	29.2 ± 14.6	29.3 ± 15.2	31.3 ± 15.9	31.0 ± 15.7	0.892	0.005
BF (%)	35.0 ± 9.1	33.9 ± 10.0	37.9 ± 9.7	37.7 ± 9.6	37.3 ± 10.4	37.1 ± 10.1	0.431	0.039
Waist-to-hip ratio	0.84 ± 0.06	0.82 ± 0.04	0.81 ± 0.06	0.82 ± 0.04	0.85 ± 0.06	0.86 ± 0.05	0.290	0.057
$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}$
l·min−1	1.71 ± 0.26	1.92 ± 0.27†	1.76 ± 0.35	2.09 ± 0.32†*	1.71 ± 0.27	1.77 ± 0.29	<0.001	0.411
ml·kg−1·min−1	26.1 ± 5.9	30.2 ± 6.5†	24.8 ± 4.8	29.7 ± 5.0†	25.3 ± 4.6	25.7 ± 4.5	<0.001	0.523
Resting systolic BP (mmHg)	111 ± 15	109 ± 14	112 ± 6	107 ± 7†	116 ± 17	116 ± 16	0.026	0.160
Resting diastolic BP (mmHg)	69 ± 9	69 ± 9	70 ± 5	68 ± 8	71 ± 9	72 ± 7	0.593	0.025
MAP (mmHg)	83 ± 10	83 ± 10	84 ± 5	81 ± 7†	86 ± 12	86 ± 11	0.249	0.064
Resting HR (bpm)	70 ± 6	65 ± 8†	67 ± 6	63 ± 7†	68 ± 8	69 ± 7	0.115	0.098
RPP	7754 ± 1110	7184 ± 1393†	7555 ± 730	6760 ± 775†*	7982 ± 1745	7989 ± 1691	0.025	0.161
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	4.17 ± 0.53	4.26 ± 0.48	4.14 ± 0.37	4.07 ± 0.53	3.58 ± 0.84	3.84 ± 0.56	0.283	0.058
tAUC (mmol/L*120 min)	704 ± 88	732 ± 126	695 ± 108	700 ± 105	662 ± 187	666 ± 175	0.682	0.018
Hb (g/L)	134 ± 7	131 ± 13	133 ± 11	133 ± 12	135 ± 7	134 ± 6	0.474	0.035
TC (mmol/L)	4.50 ± 0.70	4.65 ± 0.83	4.85 ± 0.67	4.71 ± 0.57	5.13 ± 1.06	5.18 ± 1.02	0.292	0.580
HDL (mmol/L)	1.77 ± 0.36	1.73 ± 0.39	1.87 ± 0.42	1.80 ± 0.40	1.34 ± 0.53	1.34 ± 0.50	0.540	0.029
LDL (mmol/L)	2.40 ± 0.77	2.52 ± 0.84	2.68 ± 0.50	2.60 ± 0.44	3.13 ± 1.19	3.19 ± 1.15	0.303	0.055
TCl-HDL ratio	2.65 ± 0.60	2.73 ± 0.59	2.69 ± 0.54	2.75 ± 0.58	3.11 ± 1.44	3.20 ± 1.41	0.917	0.004
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	0.82 ± 0.31	0.87 ± 0.44	0.68 ± 0.26	0.73 ± 0.28	0.91 ± 0.32	0.90 ± 0.30	0.886	0.006
Submaximal $\dot{\mathrm{V}}$O2
ml·kg−1·min−1	11.4 ± 1.5	10.6 ± 1.2	10.9 ± 2.3	10.7 ± 2.3	11.2 ± 2.1	11.2 ± 1.9	0.089	0.111
l·min−1	0.75 ± 0.18	0.71 ± 0.19	0.77 ± 0.24	0.76 ± 0.22	0.81  ± 0.19	0.82  ± 0.18	0.180	0.080
Submaximal HR (%HRmax)	55 ± 7	52 ± 6†	55 ± 6	54 ± 8	55 ± 10	57 ± 11	0.063	0.123
WEMWBS	52 ± 9	54 ± 7	49 ± 9	52 ± 7†	42 ± 8	42 ± 6	0.198	0.074
GEQ		56 ± 8		53 ± 10

Vales are expressed a means ± SD. P values for interaction (group × time) effect

Partial η² value for effect sizes

BF body fat, BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, CON control group, CT continuous training group, FM fat mass, GEQ Groningen Enjoyment Questionnaire, Hb haemoglobin, HDL high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HIIT high-intensity interval training group, HR heart rate, LDL low density lipoprotein cholesterol, LM lean mass, MAP mean arterial pressure, RPP rate pressure product, tAUC total area under the curve, TBM total body mass, TC total cholesterol, $\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}$ peak oxygen uptake, WEMWBS Warwick-Edinburgh Mental well-being scale

*Significantly different from CON (P < 0.05)

^†Significantly different versus pre-training (P < 0.05)