Table 1.
Baseline subject characteristics and total number of subjects per group, assessments and MRI technique (mean ± SD).
| Control | Physical training | Cognitive training | Range | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 64.0 ± 3.6 | 64.0 ± 4.3 | 61.8 ± 3.3 | 56–75 | 0.50 |
| Gender (M/F) | 5/15 | 6/13 | 8/11 | − | 0.45 |
| IQ | 120.9 ± 10.5 | 117.5 ± 9.9 | 121.6 ± 8.0 | 88–136 | 0.45 |
| MoCA | 28.2 ± 1.4 | 27.8 ± 1.5 | 27.9 ± 1.4 | 25–30 | 0.72 |
| TICS-M | 29.6 ± 2.0 | 30.7 ± 2.0 | 29.4 ± 2.2 | 27–36 | 0.14 |
| BDI | 5.5 ± 4.7 | 3.0 ± 2.8 | 3.3 ± 2.4 | 0–14 | 0.07 |
| BMI | 26.4 ± 3.3 | 27.7 ± 4.5 | 25.8 ± 3.6 | 19–38 | 0.34 |
| VO2 Max | 19.9 ± 4.0 | 19.3 ± 3.3 | 20.8 ± 5.0 | 13–30 | 0.52 |
| Participants (n) | |||||
| MIM cognitive testing | 20 | 19 | 19 | ||
| pCASL MRI | 18 | 18 | 13 | ||
| fcMRI | 16 | 15 | 15 |
Two-sample t-test was conducted to assess potential baseline differences. IQ, Intelligence Quotient; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; TICS-M, Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status-Modified; BDI, Beckman Depression Inventory; BMI, Body Mass Index; VO2 Max, maximal oxygen consumption; MIM, Multiple Interpretations Measure to measure innovation; pCASL, pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling; fcMRI, functional connectivity MRI.