Table 5.
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics | ||||||
Urban (outer suburb) | 1.664** | 1.933** | 1.554** | 1.532** | 1.665** | 1.689** |
Suburb (outer suburb) | 0.808 | 1.025 | 0.813 | 0.789 | 0.767** | 0.984 |
Female (male) | 1.18 | 1.166 | 1.117 | 1.221 | 1.11 | 1.129 |
65–69 years old (60–64) | 1.097 | 1.11 | 1.129 | 1.086 | 0.972 | 1.06 |
70–74 years old (60–64) | 1.136 | 1.134 | 1.16005 | 1.055 | 0.943 | 0.968 |
75–79 years old (60–64) | 1.151 | 1.163 | 1.137 | 1.086 | 0.954 | 0.996 |
≥ 80 years old (60–64) | 1.291 | 1.329 | 1.268 | 1.106 | 1.058 | 1.035 |
1–6 years of schooling (0) | 1.052 | 1.091 | 1.098 | 0.993 | 0.989 | 1.059 |
7–12 years of schooling (0) | 0.83 | 0.84 | 0.812 | 0.756 | 0.815 | 0.771 |
13- years of schooling (0) | 0.744 | 0.678 | 0.785 | 0.642 | 0.721 | 0.671 |
Health risk behaviours | ||||||
smoke sometimes (never) | 0.931 | 1.015 | 0.880 | 0.993 | 0.932 | 1.056 |
always smoke (never) | 1.04 | 1.036 | 0.925 | 1.087 | 1.119 | 1.049 |
quit smoking (never) | 2.329** | 2.396** | 2.139** | 2.204** | 2.321** | 2.212** |
drink sometimes (never) | 0.776 | 0.751 | 0.712 | 0.861 | 0.819 | 0.791 |
always drink (never) | 0.645 | 0.608 | 0.638 | 0.586 | 0.729 | 0.618 |
quit drinking (never) | 0.706 | 0.675** | 0.729 | 0.736 | 0.665** | 0.686 |
outdoor activities (no) | 1.923** | 1.755** | 1.604 | 1.809 | 1.794** | 1.412** |
Social support | ||||||
in marriage (widowed) | 1.172 | 1.279 | ||||
unmarried (widowed) | 1.108 | 1.221 | ||||
empty nesters (Non) | 1.063 | 1.002 | ||||
work pay/savings (pension) | 2.172** | 1.601** | ||||
from family (pension) | 1.401 | 1.225 | ||||
others (pension) | 1.539 | 1.702 | ||||
children/week (/day) | 1.102 | 0.991 | ||||
children/month (/day) | 1.279 | 1.155 | ||||
children/year (/day) | 0.954 | 0.808 | ||||
children < 1 / year (/day) | 2.71 | 1.198 | ||||
neighbour/month (/week) | 1.417 | 1.7 | ||||
neighbour/year (/week) | 0.58 | 0.676 | ||||
neighbour/none (/week) | 1.159 | 1.089 | ||||
relative or friend /month (/week) | 1.404** | 1.658** | ||||
relative or friend /year (/week) | 1.626** | 1.845** | ||||
relative or friend/none (/week) | 1.438** | 1.627** | ||||
community/month (/week) | 0.848 | 0.778 | ||||
community/year (/week) | 0.812 | 0.811 | ||||
community/none (/week) | 1.195 | 1.056 | ||||
Mental condition | ||||||
loneliness (no) | 3.213** | 1.310 | ||||
nervous/anxiety (no) | 6.227** | 1.906** | ||||
general feeling (good) | 0.996 | 3.059** | ||||
bad feeling (good) | 1.967** | 4.415** | ||||
Physical condition | ||||||
Tool use and ADL | ||||||
use auxiliary tools (no) | 1.343 | 1.114 | ||||
ADL (no) | 16.062** | 11.14** | ||||
Chronic diseases | ||||||
hypertension (no) | 0.778** | 0.751** | ||||
heart disease (no) | 0.517** | 0.553** | ||||
Diabetes (no) | 0.623** | 0.572** | ||||
Cataract (no) | 0.592** | 0.673 | ||||
Cerebrovascular disease (no) | 0.438** | 0.513** | ||||
Bronchitis (no) | 0.667 | 0.608 | ||||
Gastroenteritis (no) | 0.488** | 0.565** | ||||
intervertebral disc disease (no) | 0.708 | 0.787 | ||||
cardiovascular disease (no) | 0.877 | 0.821 | ||||
Asthma (no) | 0.428 | 0.39 | ||||
Constant | −0.268 | −1.141 | −0.853 | −0.354 | −1.247 | 2.876 |
χ2 | 134.711 | 179.683 | 322.045 | 137.527 | 395.501 | 418.466 |
df | 19 | 38 | 23 | 21 | 41 | 54 |
Sig. | P < 0.05 | P < 0.05 | P < 0.05 | P < 0.05 | P < 0.05 | P < 0.05 |
R2 | 0.066 | 0.09 | 0.151 | 0.07 | 0.196 | 0.206 |