Table 1. Changes of MEG3 expression level in different cancer cell lines.
| Reference | Cancer type | Cell lines | MEG3 Level | Methods | Potential function and mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Li et al., 2017 [68] | AML | THP-1, HL-60, CCL-240 and CRL-1582 | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 down regulates miR-184 expression in Leukemia |
| Lyu et al., 2017 [69] | AML | K562, TF-1, MOLM-13, U937, NB4, Kasumi-1, KG-1 and HL-60 | Down | qRT-PCR | Dysregulation of MEG3 expression correlates with WT1 or TET2 mutations status, which probably plays an important role in AML pathogenesis. |
| Zhang et al., 2017 [71] | BC | MDA-MB-231, MCF-10A and MCF-7 | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 expression associated with TNM stage and lymph nodes metastasis. Lower MEG3 predicted a poor DFS and OS for patients |
| Zhang et al., 2017 [23] | CC | HeLa and CaSki | Down | qRT-PCR | The low expression of MEG3 is likely due to promoter hypermethylation. |
| Hu et al., 2016 [74] | Pancreatic cancer | PANC-1 and SW1990 cells | Down | RT–PCR | Fenofibrate inhibits pancreatic cancer cells proliferation mediated by upregulation of MEG3 |
| Li et al., 2016 [56] | Glioma | U251, U87 and A172 | Down | qRT-PCR | DNMT1-mediated MEG3 hypermethylation causes the loss of MEG3 expression, followed by the inhibition of the p53 pathways |
| Zhang et al., 2016 [63] | CC | HeLa and CaSki | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 may interact with miR-21-5p to affects the post-transcriptional network |
| Zhou et al., 2015 [57] | GC | MKN45 and 7901 | Down | qRT-PCR | miR-141 could interact with MEG3 and target E2F3 |
| Peng et al., 2015 [59] | GC | HGC-27,MGC-803, MKN-45, SGC-7901, BGC-823 and AGS | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 could up-regulated Bcl-2 via its competing endogenous RNA activity on miR-181a |
| Luo et al., 2015 [60] | PC | PC3 and DU145 | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 inhibited the expression of cell cycle regulatory protein Cyclin D1 and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase |
| Yin et al., 2015 [54] | CRC | HCT-116 and DLD-1 cell lines | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 inhibits cell proliferation through TP53 activation. |
| Wang et al., 2015 [51] | RCC | RCC cell lines 786-0 and SN1 | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 induces apoptosis by inhibiting the BCL-2 expression and activating the mitochondrial pathway. |
| Gao et al., 2015 [77] | RB | Retinoblastoma cell | Down | qRT-PCR | Decreased expression of MEG3 contributes to retinoblastoma progression and affects retinoblastoma cell growth by regulating the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. |
| Zhuo et al., 2015 [34] | HCC | HCC cell lines | Down | qRT-PCR | UHRF1 regulates MEG3 level via DNMT1 and TP53 |
| Xia et al., 2015 [18] | LC | Lung cancer cell lines A549/DDP | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 regulates TP53, β-catenin and survivin expression. Cisplatin treatment decreases the expression levels of MEG3. |
| Liu et al., 2015 [38] | LAD | A549/DDP cells | Down | Microarray | MEG3 induces the activation of TP53 and Bcl-xl in LAD cells. |
| Zhuang et al., 2015 [52] | MM | MSCs cells | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 played an essential role in osteogenic differentiation of the bone marrow MSCs, partly by activating BMP4 transcription. |
| Wang et al., 2015 [16] | PTC | TPC-1 and HTH83 cells | Down | qRT-PCR | RAC1 was negatively regulated by MEG3 at the post-transcriptional level, through a specific target site within the 3′UTR. |
| Modali et al., 2015 [62] | PNT | Mouse insulinoma cell lines | Down | qRT-PCR | DNA demethylating drugs reduce mouse insulinoma cell proliferation and restore MEG3 expression. |
| Parekh et al., 2015 [75] | MEN1 | Menin-deficient fat-cell | Down | Microarray | Menin deficiency could result in fat cell hypertrophy and differential gene expression from the methylated MEG3 locus. |
| Qi et al., 2015 [76] | CRC | Colorectal cancer cell | Down | qRT-PCR | Decreased expression of MEG3 is associated with cell invasion and metastasis. |
| Yan et al., 2014 [35] | GC | SGC-7901 and BGC-823 | Down | qRT-PCR | The suppression of miR-148a may contribute to the down-regulation of MEG3 in gastric cancer by modulating the activity of DNMT1. |
| Sun et al., 2014 [50] | GC | GC cell lines | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 may function as a tumor suppressor by activating TP53 in gastric cancer. |
| Sheng et al., 2014 [48] | EOC | Ovarian cancer cell lines | Down | qRT-PCR | Decreased expression of MEG3 in EOC is due to promoter hypermethylation. |
| Greife et al., 2014 [24] | UC | Urothelial cancer cell lines | Down | qRT-PCR | Down regulation of DLK1 and MEG3 is caused by DNA hypermethylation. |
| Jia et al., 2014 [47] | TSCC | SCC-15 and CAL27 | Down | qRT-PCR | Antitumor effects of MEG3 are mediated by TP53 activation in TSCC. |
| Qin et al., 2013 [49] | CC | CC lines HeLa and C-33A | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. |
| Lu et al., 2013 [44] | NSCLC | NSCLC cell lines | Down | qRT-PCR | Decreased MEG3 level in NSCLC tissues could be affected by DNA methylation. MEG3 regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis via activation of TP53. |
| Ying et al., 2013 [53] | BC | Bladder cancer cells | Down | qRT-PCR | Downregulated MEG3 activates autophagy and increases cell proliferation in BC. |
| Wang et al., 2012 [36] | Glioma | U251 and U87 MG cells | Down | qRT-PCR | MEG3 expression is decreased in glioma cell lines and effects TP53 and genes required for TP53 activation. |
| Braconi et al., 2011 [41] | HCC | HCC cell lines (PLC/ PRF/5) | Down | qRT-PCR | Deregulated miR-29a level in HCC affects MEG3 expression through promoter hypermethylation. |
| Kawakami et al., 2006 [46] | RCC | Human renal cells | Lost | RT–PCR | Gain of methylation upstream of MEG3 leads to down regulation of DLK1 in RCC. |
| Astuti et al., 2005 [31] | NB | Neuroblastoma cell | Lost | RT-PCR | The loss of MEG3 expression is associated with MEG3-DMR hypermethylation. |
| Zhao et al., 2005 [32] | PT | MCF7 and HeLa cells | Lost | qRT-PCR | Hypermethylation of the promotor region is associated with the loss of MEG3 expression. |
| Zhang et al., 2003 [64] | NFPA | HeLa, MCF-7, Neuroglioma H4 | Lost | RT-PCR | MEG3 has a strong ability to inhibit proliferation of several carcinoma cell lines and NFPA. |
Abbreviations: CRC, Colorectal cancer; CC, cervical cancer; RCC, Renal Cell Carcinoma; RB, Retino-blastoma; HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma; LC, lung cancer; LAD; lung adenocarcinoma; MM, Multiple Myeloma; PTC, papillary thyroid carcinoma; MEN1, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; GC, gastric cancer; EOC, epithelial ovarian cancer; UC, urothelial carcinoma; TSCC, tongue squamous cell carcinoma; BC, bladder cancer; NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer; NB, neuroblastoma; PT, Pituitary Tumors; PNT, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; DNMT1, DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase 1; M-PCR, Methylation-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction; DLK1, delta-like 1 homolog; UHRF1, ubiquitin-like with PHD and ring finger domains 1; MSCs, Mesenchymal stromal cells.