Table 4.
Porcine models of pyelonephritis.
| References (year) | Model design | Inoculum | Outcome | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of animals | Age (weeks) | Weight (kg) | Sex | Breed | Infection time | Implant/modification | Bacteria | Dose CFU/ml | Volume | Route | Bacterial verification T/I | Infection stage | Success rate* | |
| Hodson et al., 1975 | 35 | NR | NR | F | Sinclair mini-pig | 7–130 days | Vesico-urethral reflux | E. coli 0111:B4 | NR | NR | Intravesical | T: Microbiology + Histology I: NRV | Acute + Chronic | 64% |
| Ransley and Risdon, 1981 | 43 | 2-4 | NR | M/F | NR | 1–4 weeks | Vesico-urethral reflux Paraffin wax | E. coli (strain NR) | NR | 5–10 ml | Intravesical | T: Microbiology + Histology I: NR | Chronic | Control: 33–68% Gentamicin+ Chloramphenicol: 11% Nitrofurantoin: 19% |
| Farhat et al., 2002 | 10 | 3-4 | 10 | F | Yorkshire | 6–8 weeks | Vesico-urethral reflux Paraffin wax | E. coli (strain NR) | NR | NR | Intravesical | T: Microbiology + Histology + Ultrasound I: NR | Chronic | 67% |
| Isling et al., 2011 | 9 | NR | 19 | F | Yorkshire crossbred | 6 h | Catheter | E. coli LK67, LK76 and LK82 | 109 | 3.25 ml × 3 | In renal pelvis | T: Microbiology + Histology I: NR | Acute | All strains: 88% |
*
xThe percentage of animals with infection. T, verification method in tissue; I, verification method on implant; CFU, colony forming units; NR, not registered; F, female; M, male; NRV, not relevant.