Table 5.
Porcine models of hematogenous osteomyelitis.
| References (year) | Model design | Inoculum | Outcome | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of animals | Age (weeks) | Weight (kg) | Sex | Breed | Infection time | Implant/modification | Bacteria | Dose CFU/ml | Volume | Route | Bacterial verification T/I | Infection stage | Success rate* | |
| Wood et al., 1971 | 18 | 10–12 | NR | M/F | Crossbred | 58–63 days | None | S. pyogenes Strain Richards (type 3) and strain 25 (type 25) | Richards: 6.39 × 108 Strain 25: 1.55 × 108 | 3 ml | I.V. | T: Microbiology + Histology I: NRV | Chronic | Both strains: 83% |
| Jensen et al., 2010b | 16 | 8 | 20-25 | F | Yorkshire-Landrace crossbred | 6–48 h | None | S. aureus Strain S54F9 | 1 × 108 | 1 ml/kg (1–2x) | I.V. | T: Histology I: NRV | Acute | 75% |
| Johansen et al., 2010 | 12 | 8–9 | 15 | F | Yorkshire-Landrace crossbred | 5–15 days | None | S. aureus Strain S54F9 | 5.50, 500, 5 × 103 or 5 × 104 | 0.5 ml | I.A. | T: Microbiology + Histology I: NRV | Acute | 5 × 103 CFU: 50% 5 × 104 CFU: 100% |
| Johansen et al., 2012a | 11 | 12 | 30 | F | Yorkshire-Landrace crossbred | 11–15 days | None | S. aureus Strain S54F9, NCTC-8325-4 and UAMS-1 | 104 | 1 ml | I.A. | T: Microbiology + Histology (PNA FISH) I: NRV | Chronic | All strains: 44% S54F9: 100% |
| Johansen et al., 2012b | 5 | 12 | 30 | F | NR | 11–15 days | None | S. aureus Strain S54F9 | 104 | 1 ml | I.A. | T: Microbiology + Histology I: NRV | NR | 100% |
| Johansen et al., 2013 | 4 | 12 | 30 | M/F | Yorkshire-Landrace crossbred | 6–8 days | None | S. aureus Strain S54F9 | 5 × 105 and 5 × 106 | 1 ml | I.A. | T: Microbiology + Histology I: NRV | Chronic | 100% |
*
The percentage of animals with infection. T, verification method in tissue; I, verification method on implant; CFU, colony forming units; NR, not registered; F, female; M, male; I.V., intravenous; I.A., intraarterial; NRV, not relevant.