FIGURE 6.

The advantage of including shape and texture. From left to right: The original image, the segmentation map (from which shape features such as moments are extracted), and the edge map. (A,B) The healthy leaves (asymptomatic), (C,D) OQDS leaves, and (E,F) non-OQDS leaves. Healthy leaves do not have any notable features in either the segmentation or edge maps. OQDS results in a more yellow leaf causing a distinct shape in the segmentation map, and note the subtle lines in the dead area of the leaf in (D). While other pathogens/disorders cause yellow leaves, it does not occur as orderly as leaf scorch, and dead areas do not have the distinctive subtle lines as in (D). Note that these images have been resized to 256 × 256 as a part of Step (3) in Figure 2.