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. 2017 Aug 7;6(10):1186–1197. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.08.001

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© 2017 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Pro-survival genes are up-regulated in alternatively activated macrophages. (A) List of top 10 DAVID functional annotation clusters for biological processes significantly altered by GW501516 or Il-4 treatment, compared to the vehicle control (see Supplementary Tables 4 and 5 for gene lists). Microarray analysis was conducted in Pparδ-overexpressing RAW 264.7 cells treated with GW501516 (0.1 μM) or rIl-4 (10 ng/ml) overnight. (B) Heat maps were shown for selected genes from the top 10 regulated pathways (Figure 1A) by GW501516 (Pparδ agonist, left) or Il-4 treatment (right) presented as fold change over vehicle control. (C) Validation of Ppar target genes identified through microarray using qPCR in WT, Mac-Pparδ^−/− and Mac-Pparδ/γ^−/− BMDMs treated with GW0742 (0.1 μM) overnight. (D) Validation of Il-4 regulated genes in WT and Stat6^−/− BMDMs incubated with rIl-4 (10 ng/ml) overnight. Values were expressed as means ± SEM. #p < 0.05 between vehicle and GW0742 or rIl-4 treatment.