Figure 3.

Time course of the oxidative folding of GeXIVA and cGeXIVA_GG. A, HPLC traces of samples taken at various times during the random folding process. For GeXIVA, the black asterisk indicates that the peak occurring in the folding process of GeXIVA comprises intermediate forms with similar retention time to the globular isomer, and the red asterisk indicates an impurity. The globular, bead, and ribbon GeXIVA from two-step oxidations are shown as red, green, and blue traces, respectively. For cGeXIVA_GG, the blue asterisk indicates the major intermediate occurring in the folding process of cGeXIVA_GG. The ribbon cGeXIVA_GG from two-step oxidation is shown as a blue trace. I₁ represents the intermediate with one disulfide bond, and I₂ represents the intermediates with two disulfide bonds. B, surface representations of ribbon GeXIVA and ribbon cGeXIVA_GG. Positively charged residues are shown in blue, negative residues are red, polar residues are white, and hydrophobic residues are green. Surface representations were created using the program PyMOL. Cyclization of ribbon GeXIVA resulted in an additional hydrophobic patch (circle) in cGeXIVA_GG.