Table 1.
Overview of reports stressing that AA ameliorates the neuronal differentiation from NPC progenitors
| NPC models | Differentiation factors | Enhanced effects | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rat embryonic mesencephalic cell cultures | 200 μM AA | -Glial differentiation -Neurite growth -Dopamine neurons |
[7] |
| Mouse embryonic stem cells | 200 μM AA + SHH + FGF8 | -Dopamine neurons -Serotonin neurons |
[8] |
| Long-term basic fibroblast growth factor expanded rat mesencephalic precursors | 100 μM AA | -Dopamine neurons | [9] |
| Mouse embryonic stem cells | 200 μM AA + SHH + FGF8 | -Dopamine neurons | [10] |
| Nurr1-transfected rat embryonic cortical progenitors | 200 μM AA + B27 | -Dopamine neurons | [11] |
| Rat embryonic cortical precursors | 200 μM AA | -Astrocyte differentiation -Neuronal differentiation and maturation |
[12] |
| Mouse ventral mesencephalic precursors | 200 μM AA | -Astrocyte differentiation -Dopamine neurons -Gene responses related to cell fate determination, neuron development and maturation |
[13] |
| bFGF/SHH-stimulated rat ventral mesencephalic precursors | 200 μM AA | -Dopamine neurons | [14] |
| Rat ventral mesencephalic precursors | 200 μM AA | -Dopamine neurons -Gene responses related to dopamine neuron marker, ROS response mediators and trophic factors |
[15] |
| Mouse embryonic stem cells | 200 μM AA + SHH + FGF8b | -Dopamine neurons | [16] |
| Rat ventral mesencephalic precursors | 100 μM AA | -Dopamine neurons -Graft survival |
[17] |
| Long-term expanded human fetal midbrain and cortical precursor cultures | 200 μM AA + low O2 + longer diff. time | -Neuronal yield -Dopamine neurons |
[18] |
AA: Ascorbic acid
SHH: Sonic hedgehog
FGF8: Fibroblast growth factor 8
bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor