Table 4.

Effects of recombinant human GH treatment on the development of DM in children and adolescents

Study	Number of cases	Age (yr)	Daily GH dose	Duration of GHT	Findings
Blethen et al. [31]	>19,000 NCGS cohort	7.2–12.9 (at enrollment)	-	-	↑DM incidence in subjects with identifiable risk factors
Cutfield et al. [32]	23,333 KIGS cohort	10.3 (7.2–12.7)	0.03 mg/kg (0.02–0.04)	2.9 Years	↑T2DM incidence in subjects with identifiable risk factors, ↔T1DM incidence
Child et al. [33]	11,686 GeNeSIS cohort	10.2 (6.5–12.7)	0.04 mg/kg (0.03–0.05)	2.5 Years	↑T2DM incidence in subjects with identifiable risk factors, ↔T1DM incidence
Poidvin et al. [34]	5,100 French SAGhE cohort (iGHD, ISS, SGA)	20–44	0.03±0.01 mg/kg	4 Years	↔DM prevalence

Participant’s age was presented in mean±standard deviation, median (interquartile range), or range.

GH, growth hormone; DM, diabetes mellitus; GHT, growth hormone treatment; NCGS, National Cooperative Growth Study; KIGS, Pharmacia and Upjohn International Growth Study; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; GeNeSIS, GH-treated patients in the Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study; SAGhE, Safety and Appropriateness of Growth Hormone Treatments in Europe; iGHD, isolated growth hormone deficiency; ISS, idiopathic short stature; SGA, small-for-gestational age.