Reduced grey matter volume in
comparison to elderly controls (cross-sectional design) |
Overall frontal cortex [37, 38,
42] Overall prefrontal cortex [40, 41] Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
[21, 32] Orbitofrontal cortex [11, 18, 21, 26, 30] Frontal pole [13, 27,
35] Inferior frontal gyrus [10-23] Middle frontal gyrus [11, 12, 20, 22,
23-26, 33] Superior frontal gyrus [10-12, 16-18, 27, 28] Medial frontal
gyrus [10, 20, 21, 29, 30] Anterior cingulate gyrus [14, 20, 21, 25,
29-32] Cortical pre-motor regions [28, 36] Precentral gyrus [18, 28, 30,
34] |
Reduced grey matter volume over
time (longitudinal design) |
Superior frontal cortex [43, 45]
Medial frontal gyrus [20, 29] Inferior frontal gyrus [20] Middle frontal
gyrus [45] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and Clinical Dementia Rating scores |
Overall frontal lobe [20, 33]
Superior frontal gyrus [16] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and Disability Assessment for Dementia scores |
Orbitofrontal cortex [37]
Precentral gyrus [37] Superior frontal gyrus [37] Inferior frontal gyrus
[37] Middle frontal gyrus [37] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and Mini-Mental State Examination Scores |
Precentral gyrus [25] Medial
frontal gyrus [25] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and episodic memory deficits |
Overall frontal lobe [13, 27,
35] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and self-appraisal |
Medial prefrontal cortex
[41] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and semantic memory deficits |
Anterior cingulate cortex [31,
32] |
Correlation between frontal
cortical atrophy and naming ability |
Pre-motor cortex [41] Precentral
gyrus [41] Middle superior frontal gyrus [41] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and agitation |
Middle frontal cortex [11]
Inferior frontal cortex [11] Anterior cingulate gyrus [21] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and depression |
Overall frontal cortex [11] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and apathy |
Anterior cingulate cortex [12]
Orbitofrontal cortex [21] Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [21] |
Correlation between cortical
atrophy and aberrant motor behaviour |
Olfactory gyrus [11] Medial
orbitofrontal gyrus [11] Inferior frontal gyrus[11] Middle frontal gyrus
[11] |
Amnestic mild cognitive
impairment |
|
Reduced grey matter volume in
comparison to elderly controls (cross-sectional design) |
Overall frontal cortex [29, 42]
Anterior regions of frontal lobe [43] Anterior cingulate gyrus [20, 25,
44] Middle frontal gyrus [44] Precentral gyrus [44] |