Table 1. Nuclear localization summary of EBV-encoded proteins.
| No. | Protein name(s) | Function/description # | COS-7 subcellular localization | Literature localization and references |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BORF1 c | Assembly/maturation, minor capsid protein-binding protein (mCP-BP), homology with triplex protein HSV-1 VP19C, VZV ORF20, MCMV M46 and KSHV ORF62 | Subnuclear | Pan-nuclear a [6] Speckles in the nucleus b [48] |
| 2 | BSLF2/BMLF1 t (EB2, Mta, SM) | mRNA-export factor, mRNA splicing, interaction with human Spen proteins, homology with HSV-1 UL54 (ICP27), VZV ORF4, MCMV M69 and KSHV ORF57 | Subnuclear, nucleolus like | N/A |
| 3 | EBNA3A l (BLRF3/BERF1) | Latency nuclear antigen 3A, negative effect on transactivator EBNA-2 and cell cycle, essential for immortalization | Pan-nuclear, without nucleolus | Pan-nuclear a [6, 49] |
| 4 | BZLF1 t (Zta, Z, Zebra, EB1) | Trans-activator ZEBRA, origin binding protein (EB1, Zta), bZip similar to CCAAT/enhancer binding protein, homology with KSHV K08 | Pan-nuclear, without nucleolus | Pan-nuclear a [6] Nuclear b [50] |
| 5 | RPMS1 u | Unknown function | Subnuclear, nucleolus like | Pan-nuclear a [34, 51] |
| 6 | BMLF1 t (Mta) |
Immediate-early transactivator, part of BSLF2/BMLF1 protein | Subnuclear, nucleolus like | Nuclear and speckles in the nucleus a [52, 53] Nuclear b [50] |
| 7 | BXRF1 u | Nucleoprotein, homology with HSV-1 UL24, VZV ORF35, MCMV M76 and KSHV ORF20 | Subnuclear, nucleolus like | N/A |
| 8 | BALF2 r | Major ssDNA binding protein, tegument protein, part of replication fork / machinery, homology with HSV-1 UL29, VZV ORF29, MCMV M57 and KSHV ORF6 | Pan-nuclear, without nucleolus | Pan-nuclear a [6] |
| 9 | BMRF1 r | DNA polymerase processivity factor, transcriptional transactivators, sliding clamp, early antigen protein D (EA-D, polymerase accessory protein), homology with HSV-1 UL42, VZV ORF16, MCMV M44 and KSHV ORF59 | Pan-nuclear | Pan-nuclear a [6] |
| 10 | BLLF2 T | Hypothetical protein, unknown function | Subnuclear, nucleolus like | Pan-nuclear a [6] |
| 11 | BFLF2 m | Nuclear membrane phosphoprotein, part of intracellular virions, egress protein, herpesvirus UL31-like protein, complex with BFRF1, homology with HSV-1 UL31, VZV ORF27, MCMV M53 and KSHV ORF69 | Pan-Nuclear | Nuclear a [54] |
| 12 | BdRF1 c | Capsid scaffolding protein, homology with HSV-1 UL26.5, VZV ORF33.5, MCMV M80.5 and KSHV ORF17.5 | Pan-nuclear, without nucleolus | N/A |
| 13 | EBNA1 l (BKRF1) |
Latency nuclear antigen 1, assures EBV episome maintenance replication, Gly-rich domain, essential for immortalization | Pan-nuclear | Nuclear a/b [55] |
| 14 | BLLF3 n | dUTP pyrophosphatase, dUTPase, homology with HSV-1 UL50, VZV ORF8, MCMV M72 and KSHV ORF54 | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic, without nucleolus | Pan-Nuclear a [6] |
| 15 | BGLF5 r | Alkaline exonuclease, involved together with BALF2 in DNA recombination, homology with HSV-1 UL12, VZV ORF48, MCMV M98 and KSHV ORF37 | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic, without nucleolus | Nucleus and cytoplasm a [56] Nuclear a [57] |
| 16 | BRRF1 t | Na, transcription factor, enhancement of the induction of the lytic cycle, homology with KSHV ORF49 | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic, without nucleolus | Nuclear a [58] |
| 17 | BCRF2 u | Unknown function | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic, without nucleolus | N/A |
| 18 | BDLF4 u | Putative metal binding protein (gp115), homology with MCMV M92 and KSHV ORF31 | Nuclear > Cytoplasmic | Pan-Cellular a [6] |
| 19 | BARF0 u | Start at amino acid 298 of SWISS-PROT, homology with rhesus LCV | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic | Nuclear a [59, 60] |
| 20 | BBLF1 T | Myristoylated phosphoprotein in tegument (MyrP), homology with HSV-1 UL11, VZV ORF49, MCMV M99 and KSHV ORF38 | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic, without nucleolus | Pan-Cellular or Cytoplasmic > Nuclear a [6] trans-Golgi network (TGN) a/b [20] |
| 21 | BFRF3 c | Smallest capsid protein (sCP) on outer capsid surface, homology with HSV-1 UL35 (VP26), VZV ORF23, MCMV M48.2 and KSHV ORF65 | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic, without nucleolus | Pan-Nuclear a [6] Nuclear b [61] |
| 22 | BGLF3 T | gp118, not included in virions, homology with HSV-1 UL14, VZV ORF46, MCMV M95 and KSHV ORF34 | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic | Nuclear > Cytoplasmic a [6] |
| 23 | BGLF4 n | Ser/Thr kinase, phosphorylation of nucleoside analogues, homology with HSV-1 UL13, VZV ORF47, MCMV M97 and KSHV ORF36 | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic | Nuclear a [62] Nuclear > Cytoplasmic a [6] Nuclear, a small portion is distributed in the cytoplasm at the late stage of virus replication b [63] |
| 24 | BKRF4 T | Tegument phosphoprotein, homology with KSHV ORF45 | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic some with multiple small foci in the nucleus | Pan-Nuclear a [6] |
| 25 | BRLF1 t (Rta, R) |
Transcriptional activator dimeric (TAF50), homology with KSHV ORF50 | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic, Cytoplasmic > Nuclear, Pan-cellular | Pan-Nuclear, Pan-Cytoplasmic, Pan-Cellular a [6, 64] Cytoplasmic and nuclear b [50] |
| 26 | BLRF2 T | Tegument protein, homology with KSHV ORF52 | Nuclear > Cytoplasmic, with speckles | Nuclear > Cytoplasmic a [6] Relocalized from the nucleus to the cytoplasm b [19] |
| 27 | BVRF2 c | Proteinase/scaffold protein, capsid maturational protease, homology with HSV-1 UL26, VZV ORF33, MCMV M80 and KSHV ORF17 | Nuclear slightly > Cytoplasmic | Pan-Nuclear a [6] |
| 28 | BOLF1 T | Tegument large tegument protein-binding protein (LTPBP) | Nuclear obviously > Cytoplasmic, without nucleolus | N/A |
a: transfection
b: infection
N/A: Not Detected
r: replication related protein
n: nucleotide metabolism related protein
t: transcription related protein
p: packaging related protein
l: latency related protein
m: membrane (or glycosylated) protein
c: capsid related protein
T: tegument protein
u: unkown function protein
# Function/Description column compiled the following references: Tarbouriech et al. [5] and Salsman et al. [6].