Table 2. Serum metabolites related to risk of overall glioma (P < 0.05)1.
| Metabolite | Sub-pathway | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P value | P for chemical class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amino acids and amino acid derivatives | 0.14 | ||||
| Glutamate | Glutamate metabolism | 0.65 | 0.43, 0.96 | 0.0321 | |
| N-Acetylleucine | Leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism | 0.67 | 0.44, 1.00 | 0.0499 | |
| Cysteine | Methionine, cysteine, SAM and taurine metabolism | 0.39 | 0.19, 0.77 | 0.0069 | |
| Cysteine-S-sulfate | Methionine, cysteine, SAM and taurine metabolism | 0.62 | 0.40, 0.96 | 0.0323 | |
| N-Acetyltyrosine | Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism | 0.57 | 0.36, 0.88 | 0.0109 | |
| N-Acetylphenylalanine | Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism | 0.63 | 0.41, 0.96 | 0.0326 | |
| Phenyllactate (PLA) | Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism | 0.67 | 0.46, 0.97 | 0.0350 | |
| Tyrosine | Phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism | 0.71 | 0.50, 1.00 | 0.0477 | |
| N-Acetylkynurenine | Tryptophan metabolism | 0.65 | 0.43, 0.98 | 0.0420 | |
| N-Acetyltryptophan | Tryptophan metabolism | 0.64 | 0.41, 0.98 | 0.0421 | |
| Xanthurenate | Tryptophan metabolism | 0.67 | 0.45, 0.99 | 0.0453 | |
| 2-Oxoarginine | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | 0.56 | 0.37, 0.85 | 0.0065 | |
| Argininate | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | 0.60 | 0.42, 0.88 | 0.0083 | |
| N-Acetylarginine | Urea cycle; arginine and proline metabolism | 0.69 | 0.48, 0.98 | 0.0407 | |
| Carbohydrates | 0.36 | ||||
| Mannitol/sorbitol | Fructose, mannose and galactose metabolism | 0.63 | 0.41, 0.97 | 0.0374 | |
| Pyruvate | Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and pyruvate metabolism | 0.65 | 0.43, 0.97 | 0.0343 | |
| Cofactors and Vitamins | 0.23 | ||||
| Trigonelline (N'-methylnicotinate) | Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism | 1.72 | 1.10, 2.69 | 0.0182 | |
| Alpha-tocopherol | Tocopherol metabolism | 0.65 | 0.44, 0.96 | 0.0305 | |
| Energy | 0.25 | ||||
| Alpha-ketoglutarate | TCA cycle | 0.52 | 0.32, 0.84 | 0.0075 | |
| Lipids | 0.36 | ||||
| Stearoylcarnitine (C18) | Fatty acid metabolism (Acyl carnitine) | 1.58 | 1.09, 2.29 | 0.0159 | |
| Margaroylcarnitine | Fatty acid metabolism (Acyl carnitine) | 1.50 | 1.05, 2.15 | 0.0251 | |
| Eicosenoylcarnitine (C20:1) | Fatty acid metabolism (Acyl carnitine) | 1.59 | 1.01, 2.51 | 0.0457 | |
| 1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-GPI (16:0/18:2) | Phospholipid metabolism | 0.61 | 0.41, 0.91 | 0.0147 | |
| Glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) | Phospholipid metabolism | 1.76 | 1.00, 3.10 | 0.0484 | |
| 1-(1-Enyl-palmitoyl)-2-oleoyl-GPC (P-16:0/18:1) | Plasmalogen | 1.47 | 1.01, 2.15 | 0.0449 | |
| Chenodeoxycholate | Primary bile acid metabolism | 0.56 | 0.37, 0.86 | 0.0082 | |
| Cholate | Primary bile acid metabolism | 0.6 | 0.39, 0.91 | 0.0162 | |
| 3β-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid | Secondary bile acid metabolism | 0.67 | 0.45, 0.98 | 0.0393 | |
| Glycocholenate sulfate | Secondary bile acid metabolism | 0.64 | 0.41, 0.98 | 0.0420 | |
| Sphingomyelin (d18:1/17:0, d17:1/18:0, d19:1/16:0) | Sphingolipid metabolism | 1.67 | 1.07, 2.61 | 0.0228 | |
| Nucleotides | 0.59 | ||||
| Cytidine | Pyrimidine metabolism, cytidine containing | 1.49 | 1.01, 2.19 | 0.0471 | |
| Peptides | 0.64 | ||||
| Gamma-glutamyltyrosine | Gamma-glutamyl amino acid | 0.61 | 0.40, 0.92 | 0.0175 | |
| Xenobiotics | 0.58 | ||||
| Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sulfate | Benzoate metabolism | 0.54 | 0.32, 0.92 | 0.0230 | |
| Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sulfate | Benzoate metabolism | 0.67 | 0.46, 0.97 | 0.0320 | |
| 3-Methyl catechol sulfate | Benzoate metabolism | 1.53 | 1.02, 2.28 | 0.0380 | |
| Quinate | Food component/plant | 1.52 | 1.03, 2.25 | 0.0334 | |
| 1-Methylurate | Xanthine metabolism | 1.58 | 1.08, 2.30 | 0.0171 | |
| 1-Methylxanthine | Xanthine metabolism | 1.63 | 1.09, 2.46 | 0.0184 | |
| Paraxanthine | Xanthine metabolism | 1.52 | 1.05, 2.22 | 0.0284 | |
| Theobromine | Xanthine metabolism | 1.53 | 1.02, 2.28 | 0.0375 | |
| 5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil | Xanthine metabolism | 1.55 | 1.02, 2.35 | 0.0379 | |
| Theophylline | Xanthine metabolism | 1.50 | 1.02, 2.22 | 0.0412 | |
| 7-Methylxanthine | Xanthine metabolism | 1.47 | 1.01, 2.14 | 0.0415 |
1Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with only matching factors adjusted in the model. The odds ratio is for one-standard deviation increase in metabolite level. The table is sorted by chemical class, sub-pathway, and P value. The analysis is based on 64 cases and 64 controls.