Table 3. Serum metabolites related to risk of high-grade glioma (P < 0.05)1.
| Metabolite | Sub-pathway | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P value | P for chemical class |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amino acids and amino acid derivatives | 0.85 | ||||
| N-Acetylglutamate | Glutamate metabolism | 1.99 | 1.10, 3.61 | 0.0228 | |
| 2,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutyrate | Leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism | 2.05 | 1.09, 3.85 | 0.0258 | |
| Cysteine | Methionine, cysteine, SAM and taurine metabolism | 0.44 | 0.20, 0.98 | 0.0437 | |
| Carbohydrates | 0.48 | ||||
| Ribonate | Pentose metabolism | 2.53 | 1.02, 6.25 | 0.0445 | |
| Cofactors and Vitamins | 0.07 | ||||
| Oxalate (ethanedioate) | Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism | 0.55 | 0.33, 0.91 | 0.0211 | |
| Threonate | Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism | 0.57 | 0.34, 0.95 | 0.0300 | |
| Gulonate | Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism | 1.99 | 1.04, 3.81 | 0.0387 | |
| Energy | 0.49 | ||||
| Aconitate [cis or trans] | TCA cycle | 1.70 | 1.00, 2.89 | 0.0502 | |
| Lipids | 0.97 | ||||
| Oleoyl-oleoyl-glycerol (18:1/18:1) | Diacylglycerol | 1.85 | 1.03, 3.31 | 0.0402 | |
| Cholate | Primary bile acid metabolism | 0.54 | 0.31, 0.93 | 0.0273 | |
| Glycocholenate sulfate | Secondary bile acid metabolism | 0.39 | 0.19, 0.79 | 0.0091 | |
| 3β-Hydroxy-5-cholenoic acid | Secondary bile acid metabolism | 0.49 | 0.28, 0.85 | 0.0106 | |
| 5Alpha-pregnan-3beta, 20beta-diol monosulfate | Steroid | 0.56 | 0.34, 0.92 | 0.0209 | |
| Pregnenolone sulfate | Steroid | 0.53 | 0.30, 0.94 | 0.0293 | |
| Nucleotides | 0.15 | ||||
| 5-Methyluridine (ribothymidine) | Pyrimidine metabolism, uracil containing | 2.25 | 1.12, 4.52 | 0.0226 | |
| Xenobiotics | 0.63 | ||||
| Tartronate (hydroxymalonate) | Bacterial/fungal | 0.57 | 0.34, 0.97 | 0.0383 | |
| Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sulfate | Benzoate metabolism | 0.47 | 0.26, 0.83 | 0.0097 | |
| Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sulfate | Benzoate metabolism | 0.52 | 0.28, 0.97 | 0.0391 |
1Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratio and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs), with only matching factors adjusted in the model. The odds ratio is for one-standard deviation increase in metabolite level. The table is sorted by chemical class, sub-pathway, and p value. The grade is based on World Health Organization Grade of glioma, and Grade IV is defined as high-grade. The analysis is based on 41 cases and 41 controls.