Table 1.

Experimental protocol loading parameters

	Conditions				Results
Trials	Rate (mm s−1)	Load (N)	Participant	Material	$A_0$ (mm2)	$A_{\mathrm{\infty }}$ (mm2)	$\lambda$ (s)	$t_{\text{max}}$ (s)	$A_{\text{E}}$ ($t=60\mathrm{s}$)
a1	1.0	2.0	A	Glass	3.7 $\pm$ 0.2	39.5 $\pm$ 0.2	16.5 $\pm$ 0.3	2.2	0.39
a2	1.0	2.0	A	Glass	20.9 $\pm$ 0.6	38.4 $\pm$ 0.2	5.5 $\pm$ 0.4	2.8	0.35
b1	1.0	3.0	A	Glass	19.5 $\pm$ 0.5	35.5 $\pm$ 0.1	3.2 $\pm$ 0.2	2.2	0.37
b2	1.0	3.0	A	Glass	29.5	—	—	2.4	0.39
c1	2.0	2.0	A	Glass	4.0 $\pm$ 0.9	29.3 $\pm$ 1.9	27.0 $\pm$ 3.1	1.2	0.30
c2	2.0	2.0	A	Glass	4.3 $\pm$ 0.2	30.9 $\pm$ 0.2	11.2 $\pm$ 0.3	1.0	0.31
d1	0.5	2.0	B	Glass	0.7	—	—	3.4	0.01
d2	0.5	2.0	B	Glass	1.9	—	—	3.3	0.09
e1	1.0	2.0	B	Glass	7.4 $\pm$ 0.4	26.7 $\pm$ 0.4	16.2 $\pm$ 1.1	1.4	0.27
e2	1.0	2.0	B	Glass	15.0 $\pm$ 0.6	38.6 $\pm$ 0.5	15.6 $\pm$ 1.3	1.7	0.37
f1	1.0	3.0	B	Glass	2.6	—	—	1.7	0.17
f2	1.0	3.0	B	Glass	9.3 $\pm$ 0.4	29.1 $\pm$ 0.4	16.0 $\pm$ 0.1	1.8	0.25
g	2.0	2.0	B	Glass	8.0 $\pm$ 0.7	28.2 $\pm$ 0.3	9.5 $\pm$ 0.8	0.8	0.28
h	1.0	2.0	B	PDMS	25.0 $\pm$ 0.1	25.0 $\pm$ 0.1	$<$0.04	2.4	0.38

Subscripts in trial labels indicate repeated conditions. Results show the values of the best fit parameters to first-order kinetics Eq. 1. Missing values indicate the absence of a good fit.