Table 4.

Logistic regression of deaths with demographic and diagnosis factors for emergency visits (2012–2014) and hospital admissions (2007–2014) among children in Hanoi, Vietnam

Predictors	Emergency visit (2012–2014)			Hospital admission (2007–2014)
	Number of deaths	Death (%)	OR† (95% CI)	Number of deaths	Death (%)	OR† (95% CI)
Total	131			3142
Age group
<1	108	4.5	Ref	2502	3.1	Ref
1–4	15	0.2	0.05 (0.03 to 0.09)*	468	0.5	0.19 (0.17 to 0.21)*
5–9	3	0.2	0.05 (0.01 to 0.15)*	100	0.4	0.15 (0.12 to 0.18)*
10–14	4	1.2	0.34 (0.12 to 0.94)**	64	1.0	0.34 (0.27 to 0.44)*
15–17	1	6.7	1.87 (0.24 to 14.84)	8	1.7	0.56 (0.28 to 1.13)
Gender
Female	60	1.3	Ref	1211	1.7	Ref
Male	71	0.9	0.69 (0.48 to 0.98)**	1931	1.5	0.83 (0.77 to 0.90)*
Residence location
Inner city	45	0.5	Ref	1197	1.0	Ref
Outer city	79	2.6	3.12 (2.13 to 4.56)*	1875	2.6	2.34 (2.18 to 2.52)*
Not identified location	9	2.0	2.73 (1.19 to 6.23)**	70	2.2	2.14 (1.67 to 2.73)*
Respiratory diseases‡
Pneumonia	8	2.3	Ref	493	1.2	Ref
Bronchitis	0	0.0	NA	9	0.1	0.05 (0.03 to 0.10)*
Asthma	1	1.3	0.78 (0.05 to 13.19)	4	0.2	0.26 (0.10 to 0.72)**
Upper respiratory diseases	0	0.0	NA	0	0.0	NA
Influenza	0	0.0	NA	3	0.2	0.33 (0.11 to 1.05)
Other respiratory diseases§	5	26.3	13.38 (3.24 to 55.21)*	65	3.4	6.26 (4.59 to 8.53)*

Death (%)=100×number of death in the category/total number of case of emergency visits (or hospital admissions) in respective category of predictor variables.

Emergency visit defined as hospital admission and discharge on same day. Hospital admission defined as hospital stay of at least one night.

*p<0.001, **p<0.05.

†Logistic regression model was built with death as outcome, and age group, gender, residence location and year of admission for emergency visits as predictors.

‡Additional predictors in models.

§All five deaths during emergency visits and 51/65 deaths among hospital admissions in this group were due to respiratory failure (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code J96).

NA, not applicable; Ref, reference group.