Table 3.

Odds of receiving fixed-drug or free-drug combination therapy vs monotherapy as index treatment

Variable	Model 1: patient variables only OR (95% CI)	Model 2: risk groups only OR (95% CI)	Model 3: Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Age cohort
Age <55
Age ≥55	0.946 (0.848 to 1.055)		1.114 (1.004 to 1.236)
Sex
Female
Male	1.385 (1.248 to 1.537)		1.552 (1.404 to 1.716)
Registration with practice
Existing patient
New patient	1.661 (1.301 to 2.120)		1.715 (1.353 to 2.174)
History of hypertension
No prior hypertension
Prior episode of hypertension	1.756 (1.580 to 1.952)		2.144 (1.938 to 2.371)
Lifestyle factors
Not current smoker
Current smoker	1.245 (1.113 to 1.394)		1.269 (1.138 to 1.415)
Not obese/overweight
Overweight	0.972 (0.858 to 1.102)		0.904 (0.801 to 1.020)
Obese	1.073 (0.945 to 1.218)		0.956 (0.846 to 1.081)
Comorbid conditions
Diabetes	0.812 (0.680 to 0.971)
Kidney disease	1.123 (0.932 to 1.353)
Coronary heart disease	2.980 (2.207 to 4.024)
Cerebrovascular disease	1.692 (1.397 to 2.050)
Peripheral vascular disease	0.976 (0.749 to 1.270)
Myocardial infarction	5.252 (4.498 to 6.133)
Hyperlipidaemia	0.916 (0.799 to 1.050)
Pretreatment hypertension grade
Lower than grade 1
Grade 1	0.272 (0.230 to 0.322)
Grade 2	0.185 (0.157 to 0.218)
Grade 3	0.352 (0.299 to 0.415)
No pretreatment BP reading	0.857 (0.693 to 1.060)
Risk group
Diabetes mellitus		0.639 (0.530 to 0.771)	0.597 (0.494 to 0.721)
Kidney disease		1.035 (0.864 to 1.240)	0.912 (0.758 to 1.098)
Cardiovascular		0.524 (0.469 to 0.584)	0.527 (0.472 to 0.588)
Low risk
Number of observations	44 011	44 011	44 011
Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit	Pass	Pass	Pass
C-statistic	0.74	0.58	0.65

Bold text indicates statistical significance at the α=0.05 level on a two-tailed test estimated with stepdown Bonferroni correction of p values.