Table 3.

Duration of exposure to PPI and risk of death among new users of PPI (n=1 66 098)

Duration (days)	≤30	31–90	91–180	181–360	361–720
N (%)	24 748 (14.90)	39 345 (23.69)	29 334 (17.66)	33 907 (20.41)	38 764 (23.34)
HR (95% CI)	1	1.05 (1.02 to 1.08)	1.17 (1.13 to 1.20)	1.31 (1.27 to 1.34)	1.51 (1.47 to 1.56)

Within people exposed to PPI between 1 and 720 days.

Model controls for eGFR, age, race, gender, number of serum creatinine measurements, number of hospitalisations, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lung disease, hepatitis C, HIV, dementia, cancer, GERD, upper GI tract bleeding, ulcer disease, Helicobacter pylori infection, Barrett’s oesophagus, achalasia, stricture and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Time zero defined as date when the patient’s last PPI prescription ends.

GERD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; GI, gastrointestinal; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.