Table 1.

Classification, Characteristics, and Management of CRAO

	Reperfused CRAO	Nonperfused CRAO	CRAO with Cilioretinal Sparing	Arteritic CRAO
Degree of Vision Loss	Transient	Severe	Variable	Severe
FA Characteristics	Mild perifoveal leakage, delayed arteriolar flow	Occluded arterioles; possible perifoveal leakage	Occluded retinal arterioles with filling of macular cilioretinal artery	Delayed choroidal and retinal arteriolar filling
OCT Characteristics	Minimal disruption of the retinal architecture and inner layer hyper-reflectivity without retinal thickening	Marked inner retinal thickening and edema	Variable, sharp demarcation of inner retinal thickening and hyper-reflectivity between the perfused nasal macula (from the cilioretinal artery) and nonperfused retina	Variable hyper-reflectivity within the inner retinal layers
Ophthalmic Characteristics	Mild retinal edema, no cherry red spot	Cherry red spot, pale fundus	Variable, pale fundus with normal macular color	Variable retinal and choroidal findings, with optic nerve edema
Systemic Work-up	Hematologic and imaging work-up for embolic/thrombotic etiologies	Hematologic and imaging work-up for embolic/thrombotic etiologies	Hematologic and imaging work-up for embolic/thrombotic etiologies	Urgent ESR, CBC, and CRP followed by TAB.
Treatment	Identification of risk factors and initiation of secondary prevention.	Identification of risk factors and initiation of secondary prevention. Ocular combined standard therapy vs. observation	Identification of risk factors and initiation of secondary prevention. Ocular combined standard therapy vs. observation	Immediate high-dose steroid therapy followed by temporal artery biopsy

CRAO: Central retinal artery occlusion, FA: fluorescein angiogram, OCT: optical coherence tomography, ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP: C-reactive protein, CBC: complete blood count, TAB: temporal artery biopsy