Table 1.
Asthma exacerbation genes identified by candidate gene and genome-wide association studies
| Gene | Chromosome Location | SNP(s) | Population(s) | HGVS Name | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | IL-4 | 5q31.1 | rs2243250 | USa (Caucasians but not African Americans); Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; Taiwan | NC_000005.10:g.132673462C>T | [10, 11, 12] |
| 2 | IL-4Rα | 16p12.1-p11.2 | rs1801275 rs1805011 |
US (Caucasians and African Americans); Australia, New Zealand, and Canada US (Caucasians and African Americans) |
NC_000016.10:g.27363079A>G NC_000016.10:g.27362551A>C |
[10, 13] |
| 4 | ADRB2 | 5q31-q32 | rs1042713 rs1042714 |
US; Australia (Caucasians) UKb; Canada (Caucasians); New Zealand (Caucasians); Australia (Caucasians) |
NC_000005.10:g.148826877G>A NC_000005.10:g.148826910G>C |
[15, 16, 19, 20, 21] |
| 5 | PPARG | 3p25 | rs1801282 rs3856806 |
UK (Caucasians) |
NC_000003.11:g.12393125C>G NC_000003.11:g.12475557C>T |
[25] |
| 6 | TGFβ1 | 19q13 | rs1800469 rs2241712c rs1800470c |
UK (Caucasian); US (Caucasians); Costa Rica US (Caucasians); Costa Rica US (Caucasians); Costa Rica |
NC_000019.10:g.41354391A>G NC_000019.10:g.41363851C>T NC_000019.10:g.41353016G>A |
[27, 28] |
| 7 | IL-10 | 1q31-q32 | rs1800896 rs1800871 rs1800872 |
UK (Caucasians) |
NC_000001.10:g.206946897T>C NC_000001.11:g.206773289A>G NC_000001.10:g.206946407T>G |
[30] |
| 8 | CHI3L1 | 1q32.1 | rs4950928 rs12141494 rs1538372 rs10399931 |
Germany (Caucasians); UK (Caucasians) US (Caucasians); UK (Caucasians) Taiwan Taiwan |
NC_000001.10:g.203155882G>C NC_000001.10:g.203151425G>A NC_000001.10:g.203154532A>G NC_000001.10:g.203156080T>C |
[31, 33, 34, 35] |
| 9 | ORMDL3/GSDMB | 17q12-12 | rs7216389 rs4794820 rs2305480 |
UK (Caucasians) UK (Caucasians); Australia (Caucasians) UK (Caucasians); Denmark (Caucasians); Netherlands (Caucasians and non-Caucasians) |
NC_000017.10:g.38069949C>T NC_000017.10:g.38089344A>G NC_000017.10:g.38062196G>A |
[40, 41] |
| 10 | CTNNA3 | 10q22.2 | rs7915695c rs7923078c rs7923279c rs6480203c |
US (Caucasians) |
NC_000010.10:g.68444734T>C NC_000010.10:g.68430828A>C NC_000010.10:g.68430672G>T NC_000010.10:g.68448403A>C |
[43] |
| 11 | SEMA3D | 7q21.11 | rs993312 | US (African Americans) | NC_000007.14:g.85118528C>A | [43] |
| 12 | IL-33 | 9p24.1 | rs928413c | Denmark (Caucasians); UK (Caucasians); Netherlands (Caucasians and non-Caucasians) | NC_000009.12:g.6213387G>A | [41] |
| 13 | RAD50 | 5q31 | rs6871536c | Denmark (Caucasians); UK (Caucasians); Netherlands (Caucasians and non-Caucasians) | NC_000005.10:g.132634182T>C | [41] |
| 14 | IL1RL1 | 2q12 | rs1558641c | Denmark (Caucasians); UK (Caucasians); Netherlands (Caucasians and non-Caucasians) | NC_000002.12:g.102149405G>A | [41] |
a
United States
b
United Kingdom
c
studied only in pediatric population(s)