Table 1. Cases of recurrent listeriosis reported in the literature.

Reference	Clinical type of listeriosis	Age of the patient (years)	Time between episodes	Underlying illness	Outcome	Subtyping method(s)	Results
Peetermans et al. [10]	Bacteraemia	46	2 years	Liver transplantation	Death	Serotyping	Different serovars
McLauchlin et al. [11]	Bacteraemia	8	3 months	Lymphocytic leukaemia	Favourable	Serotyping and phage typing	Identical serovar, same phage type
	Bacteraemia (first episode) and meningitis (second episode)	36	15 months	Hodgkin’s disease	Death
	Bacteraemia	Not known	>2 years	Renal transplant	Favourable
	Infected hip oint	59	1 year	Prosthetic hip, SLE and diabetes	Favourable
	Bacteraemia	64	4 weeks	Lymphocytic leukaemia	Favourable
	Meningitis	3	4 weeks	None	Favourable
	Meningitis	57	4 months	Heart transplant	Favourable
	Meningitis	57	9 months	Lymphocytic leukaemia and diabetes mellitus	Death	No typing information available
	Bacteraemia (first episode) and meningitis (second episode)	25	2 weeks	Renal transplant	Favourable
	Not known	Not known	Not known	Renal transplant	Favourable
	Not known	Not known	Not known	Renal transplant	Favourable
	Cerebritis	21	2 months	Renal transplant	Favourable
	Cerebritis	27	3 weeks	Renal transplant	Favourable
	Bacteraemia	46	19 months	Renal transplant and prosthetic hip	Favourable
Levett et al. [12]	Bacteraemia	74	1 month	Chronic lymphatic leukaemia and diabetes mellitus	Death	Serotyping and RAPD	Identical serovar, same phage type, but RAPD failed to clearly demonstrate clonal identity, as no band patterns differences between the isolates and an unrelated control strain were found
Nguyen et al. [13]	Meningoencephalitis with septicemia	62	4 years	Heart transplant	Death	Serotyping and PFGE	Identical serovar, distinguishable PFGE patterns
Lurie et al. [14]	• First episode: septic miscarriage • Second episode: neonatal sepsis	37	1 year	Pregnancy	• First episode: foetal death • Second episode: favourable	No typing information available
Sauders et al. [6]	Bacteraemia	68	9 months	Cancer	Favourable	Ribotyping and PFGE	Identical ribotype, indistinguishable PFGE patterns
Rohde et al. [7]	Bacteraemia	51	7 weeks	Aortic valve prosthesis	Favourable	RAPD and PFGE	Same phage type, indistinguishable PFGE patterns
Present case	Bacteraermia (first episode) and endocarditis (second episode)	66	6 months	Aortic valve prosthesis	Favourable	Serotyping, PFGE and MLST	Identical serovar, indistinguishable PFGE patterns, identical sequence type