Table 2.
Characteristics of intervention of the included studies.
| Author and year | Exercise intervention | Additional diet intervention | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Duration (weeks) | Frequency of sessions (per week) | Duration of session (min) | Intensity | ||
| Ades et al. (2011) a [23] | Aerobic | 16 | 1–3 | 40–60 | Low (high-caloric-expenditure) | Yes |
| Ades et al. (2011) b [23] | Aerobic | 16 | 1–3 | 25–40 | Higher (lower-caloric-expenditure) | Yes |
| Baynard et al. (2009) a [24] | Aerobic | 10 days | 6 | 60 | 70–75% of VO2 peak | No |
| Baynard et al. (2009) b [24] | Aerobic | 10 days | 6 | 60 | 70–75% of VO2 peak | No |
| Baynard et al. (2009) c [24] | Aerobic | 10 days | 6 | 60 | 70–75% of VO2 peak | No |
| Baynard et al. (2009) d [24] | Aerobic | 10 days | 6 | 60 | 70–75% of VO2 peak | No |
| Bhutani et al. (2013) a [25] | Aerobic | 12 | 3 | 24–40 | 60–75% of HRmax | Yes |
| Bhutani et al. (2013) b [25] | Aerobic | 12 | 3 | 24–40 | 60–75% of HRmax | No |
| Blumenthal et al. (2010) [26] | Aerobic | 16 | 3 | 45 | 70–85% of HRR | Yes |
| Choo et al. (2014) a [27] | Aerobic | 12 | 3 | 60 | 50–70% of HRR | Yes |
| Choo et al. (2014) b [27] | Aerobic | 24 | 3 | 60 | 50–70% of HRR | Yes |
| Choo et al. (2014) c [27] | Aerobic | 38 | 3 | 60 | 50–70% of HRR | Yes |
| Choo et al. (2014) d [27] | Resistance | 12 | 3 | 60 | 40–60% of MS | Yes |
| Choo et al. (2014) e [27] | Resistance | 24 | 3 | 60 | 40–60% of MS | Yes |
| Choo et al. (2014) f [27] | Resistance | 38 | 3 | 60 | 40–60% of MS | Yes |
| Choo et al. (2014) g [27] | Combined | 12 | 3 | 60 (30 + 30) | 50–70% of HRR 40–60% of MS |
Yes |
| Choo et al. (2014) h [27] | Combined | 24 | 3 | 60 (30 + 30) | 50–70% of HRR 40–60% of MS |
Yes |
| Choo et al. (2014) i [27] | Combined | 38 | 3 | 60 (30 + 30) | 50–70% of HRR 40–60% of MS |
Yes |
| Cotie et al. (2014) [28] | Combined | 16 | 7 | Expend 250 kal/day | 70%/3 set 10 rep | Yes |
| Davison et al. (2008) a [29] | Aerobic | 12 | At least 1 | 45 | 75% of HRmax | Yes |
| Davison et al. (2008) b [29] | Aerobic | 12 | At least 1 | 45 | 75% of HRmax | Yes |
| Fayh et al. (2013) [30] | Aerobic | 10 | 3 | 45 | 70% of HRmax | Yes |
| Franklin et al. (2015) [31] | Circuit-based RT | 8 | 2 | 80–90% of 10 RM | No | |
| Hamdy et al. (2003) [32] | Aerobic | 24 | 3 | 30 | 60–80% of HRmax | Yes |
| Kwon et al. (2011) a [33] | Aerobic | 12 | 5 | 60 | Moderate (3.6–6 METs) | No |
| Kwon et al. (2011) b [33] | Resistance | 12 | 5 | 60 | Bands provide 1.2–3.2 kg of resistance | No |
| Olson et al. (2006) [34] | Resistance | 1 year | At least 2 | 3 sets 8–10 repetitions | No | |
| Pugh et al. (2014) [35] | Aerobic | 12 | 5 | 45 | 60% of HRR | Yes |
| Robinson et al. (2016) [36] | Aerobic | 8 | 3 | 30–45 | 75% of HRmax | No |
| Swift et al. (2012) a [37] | Aerobic | 24 | 3-4 | Expend 4 kcal/kg | 50% of VO2 peak | No |
| Swift et al. (2012) b [37] | Aerobic | 24 | 3-4 | Expend 8 kcal/kg | 50% of VO2 peak | No |
| Swift et al. (2012) c [37] | Aerobic | 24 | 3-4 | Expend 12 kcal/kg | 50% of VO2 peak | No |
| Vinet et al. (2011) [38] | Aerobic | 8 | 3 | 45 | LIPOXmaxHR ± 5 | No |
| Wycherley et al. (2008) [39] | Aerobic | 12 | 4-5 | 50–60 | 60–80% of HRmax | Yes |
Note. HRR: Heart Rate Reserve, MS: Maximum Strength, LIPOXmaxHR: maximum lipid-oxidation point.