Table 2.
Predictive effects of CSF markers on cognitive decline in PD: longitudinal studies
| Study | N | Baseline MMSE score |
Disease duration (years) |
Duration of follow-up (years) |
CSF markers studied (in addition to total tau, phosphorylated tau and Aβ42) |
Outcome measures | Results | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Compta, Y. et al. | 27 | 28 | 10 | 1.5 | – | Dementia | Low Aβ42 predicted dementia | 97 |
| Siderowf, A. et al. | 45 | DRS score: 133 | 11 | 1.5 | – | DRS score | Low Aβ42 predicted more rapid decline on DRS | 96 |
| Parnetti, L. et al. | 44 | 27 | 3 | 3 | α-Synuclein (total, oligomer) | MMSE and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score | Low Aβ42 predicted more rapid decline | 98 |
| Alves, G. et al. | 104 | 28 | De novo | 5 | – | Dementia | Low Aβ predicted early dementia | 94 |
| Bäckström, D. C. et al. | 99 | 29 | 1.4 | 5–9 | α-Synuclein total, NFL, H-FABP | Dementia | Low Aβ42, NFL and H-FABP predicted dementia | 92 |
| Hall, S. et al. | 42 | 29 | 7 | 2 | α-Synuclein total, NFL | Dementia | Low Aβ predicted memory decline, high α-synuclein predicted reduced cognitive speed | 93 |
| Terrelonge, M. et al. | 341 | – | 0.6 | 2 | α-Synuclein total | Four domains: memory, visuospatial, working memory–executive function, and attention processing speed | Low Aβ42 predicted cognitive impairment at follow-up | 95 |
| Stewart, T. et al. | 403 | 28.9 | 2.1 | 1.8 | α-Synuclein total | Tests of verbal memory, cognitive processing speed, and visuospatial working memory | Lower α-synuclein predicted better preservation of cognitive function | 101 |
Aβ, amyloid-β; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DRS, Dementia Rating Scale; H-FABP, fatty acid-binding protein, heart; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; N, number of participants; NFL, neurofilament light chain protein; PD, Parkinson disease.