Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies
| Ref. | Publication (yr) | Study periods (yr) | Region | Arms | Sample size | Population3 | Recipient age | Donor age | Urgent Indications34 | Donor type3 | Prescription for ABO-I LT | Immunosuppression |
| Song et al[28] | 2016 | 2008-2013 | South Korea | ABO-I | 235 | Adult | 52.8 ± 8.0 | 29.2 ± 9.1 | No | Living | Rituximab, PE, GLI (±), Splenectomy (±), Cyclophosphamide | Steroids, Basiliximab,Tac, MMF |
| ABO-C | 1301 | 51.7 ± 5.9 | 28.2 ± 7.6 | |||||||||
| Kim et al[29] | 2016 | 2010-2013 | South Korea | ABO-I | 472 | Adult | 50 (22-65) | 32 (18-68) | No | Living | Rituximab, PE, GLI (±) | Steroids, Basiliximab, Tac, MMF |
| ABO-C | 942 | 51 (20-68) | 30 (18-62) | |||||||||
| Kim et al[30] | 2016 | 2011-2014 | South Korea | ABO-I | 252 | Adult | 51.3 ± 6.7 | 30.1 ± 11.2 | No | Living | Rituximab, PE, IVIG, Preoperative MMF | Steroids, Basiliximab, Tac, MMF |
| ABO-C | 752 | 51.1 ± 6.7 | 28.8 ± 11.3 | |||||||||
| Ikegami et al[31] | 2016 | 1997-2013 | Japan | ABO-I | 19 | Adult | 47.7 ± 15.7 | 36.6 ± 11.3 | No | Living | Rituximab3, IVIG (±), PE, GLI (±), Splenectomy (±), Preoperative MMF (±) | Steroids, Tac (or CsA), MMF |
| ABO-C | 389 | 51.7 ± 11.9 | 37.4 ± 10.5 | |||||||||
| Lee et al[32] | 2015 | 2006-2013 | Taiwan | ABO-I | 46 | Adult | 53.5 (19-67) | NA | No | Living | Rituximab, Plasmapheresis (or PE) | Steroids, Tac, MMF |
| ABO-C | 340 | 54.7 (18-70) | NA | |||||||||
| Shen et al[33] | 2014 | 2010-2013 | China | ABO-I | 35 | Adult | 46.7 ± 12.1 | NA | Yes | Deceased | Rituximab, IVIG | Steroids, Basiliximab, Tac, MMF |
| ABO-C | 66 | 42.6 ± 10.2 | NA | |||||||||
| Heffron et al[34] | 2010 | 1998-2008 | United States | ABO-I | 12 | Pediatric | NA | NA | Yes | Deceased | - | Steroids, Daclizumab, Tac, MMF |
| ABO-C | 21 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| Stewart et al[35] | 2009 | 1990-2006 | United States | ABO-I | 1302 | Infant | 0.3 | 8.1 | No | Deceased | NA | NA |
| ABO-C | 3902 | 0.4 | 8.3 | |||||||||
| ABO-I | 1162 | Pediatric | 9.6 | 23.9 | ||||||||
| ABO-C | 3482 | 9 | 16.5 | |||||||||
| ABO-I | 5852 | Adult | 45.7 | 36 | ||||||||
| ABO-C | 17552 | 50.3 | 37.9 | |||||||||
| Iwamoto et al[36] | 2008 | 2000-2007 | Japan | ABO-I | 15 | Adult | NA | NA | No | Living | NA | NA |
| ABO-C | 37 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| Toso et al[20] | 2007 | 1991-2005 | Canada | ABO-I | 14 | Adult | 42 (17-61) | NA | Yes | Deceased | Lymphocyte-depleting antibodies5, Plasmapheresis (±) | Steroids, Daclizumab, CsA (or Tac), AZA (or MMF, Sirolimus) |
| ABO-C1 | 29 | 47 (16-62) | NA | |||||||||
| ABO-Id | 65 | 47 (17-66) | NA | |||||||||
| Saito et al[37] | 2007 | 2000-2001 | Japan | ABO-I | 10 | All ages | NA | NA | No | Deceased, | NA | NA |
| ABO-C | 81 | NA | NA | Living | ||||||||
| Koukoutsis et al[19] | 2007 | 1984-2005 | United Kingdom | ABO-I | 4 | Adult | NA | NA | Yes | Deceased | NA | NA |
| ABO-C1 | 73 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| ABO-Id | 203 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| Ueda et al[18] | 2006 | 1990-2003 | Japan | ABO-I | 74 | Pediatric | NA | NA | No | Living | Steroids pulse weekly, PGE1, CsA - > AZA (1 mo after LT) | Steroids, Tac |
| ABO-C1 | 114 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| ABO-Id | 380 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| Heffron et al[38] | 2006 | 1999-2005 | United States | ABO-I | 16 | Pediatric | 6.5 ± 6.2 | NA | No | Deceased | Plasmapheresis (±) | Steroids, Daclizumab, Tac, MMF |
| ABO-C | 122 | 8.1 ± 6.2 | NA | |||||||||
| Bjøro et al[17] | 2003 | 1990-2001 | Nordic countries | ABO-I | 10 | All ages | NA | 44.8 (22-55) | Yes | Deceased | NA | NA |
| ABO-C† | 76 | NA | 42.3 (12-85) | |||||||||
| ABO-Id | 143 | NA | 41.0 (2-75) | |||||||||
| Chui et al[39] | 1997 | 1986-1996 | Australia | ABO-I | 7 | All ages | 13 (6-32) | NA | Yes | Deceased | Plasmapheresis (±), Splenectomy (±) | Steroids, CsA, AZA |
| ABO-C | 36 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| Cacciarelli et al[16] | 1995 | 1988-1993 | United States | ABO-I | 14 | Pediatric | 2.2 ± 1.1 | NA | No | Deceased | OKT3 (or ATG, CsA) | Steroids, ATG (or OKT3, CsA), Tac |
| ABO-C† | 22 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | NA | |||||||||
| ABO-Id | 108 | 3.7 ± 0.5 | NA | |||||||||
| Lo et al[40] | 1994 | 1988-1993 | United States | ABO-I | 29 | All ages | NA | NA | Yes | Deceased | ATG (±) | Steroids, CsA (or OKT3), AZA |
| ABO-C | 196 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| Sanchez et al[41] | 1993 | 1985-1991 | United States | ABO-I | 182 | Adult | 45 (16-61) | NA | No | Deceased | NA | NA |
| ABO-C | 182 | 47 (17-59) | NA | |||||||||
| Reding et al[15] | 1992 | 1984-1989 | Belgium | ABO-I | 16 | All ages | NA | NA | Yes | Deceased | OKT3 (±) | Steroids, CsA, AZA(±) |
| ABO-C† | 16 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| ABO-Id | 38 | NA | NA | |||||||||
| Gugenheim et al[5] | 1990 | 1984-1988 | France | ABO-I | 17 | All ages | 30 (12-49) | NA | Yes | Deceased | - | Steroids, CsA, AZA |
| ABO-C | 217 | NA | NA |
1Compatible, but not identical; 2Propensity or case matched patients;
3
If there are minority groups that make up less than about 10%, the article is categorized as covering the majority;
4
Such as FHF, ALF, retransplantation, and critically ill patients in the intensive care unit; 5Documented as "lymphocyte-depleting antibodies", but not clarified exactly. ABO-C: ABO-compatible; ABO-I: ABO-incompatible; ABO-Id: ABO-identical; ATG: anti-thymocyte globulin; AZA: Azathioprine; CsA: Cyclosporin A; GLI: Graft local infusion; IVIG: Intravenous immunoglobulin; LT: Liver transplantation; MMF: Mycophenolate mofetil; NA: Not applicable; OKT3: Muromonab-CD3; PE: Plasma exchange; Tac: Tacrolimus.