Table 2.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Early EF at age 2 | |||||||||||
(1) Selective attention | – | 0.22∗∗∗ | 0.24∗∗∗ | 0.18∗∗∗ | 0.13∗∗ | 0.13∗∗ | 0.20∗∗∗ | 0.28∗∗∗ | 0.07 | 0.14∗∗ | 0.21∗∗∗ |
(2) Visuospatial WM | 0.17∗∗∗ | – | 0.17∗∗∗ | 0.18∗∗∗ | 0.11∗ | 0.13∗∗ | 0.12∗ | 0.16∗∗ | 0.10∗ | 0.05 | 0.15∗∗ |
(3) Visuospatial STM | 0.19∗∗∗ | 0.13∗∗ | – | 0.16∗∗ | 0.12∗ | 0.05 | 0.12∗ | 0.14∗ | 0.13∗∗ | 0.15∗∗ | 0.10 |
(4) Verbal STM | 0.16∗∗ | 0.16∗∗ | 0.15∗∗ | – | 0.17∗∗ | 0.03 | 0.13∗ | 0.18∗∗ | 0.22∗∗∗ | 0.14∗∗ | 0.20∗∗∗ |
Emergent mathematics at age 5 | |||||||||||
(5) Number line 1–10 | 0.16∗∗∗ | 0.13∗∗ | 0.13∗∗ | 0.18∗∗∗ | – | 0.22∗∗∗ | 0.35∗∗∗ | 0.21∗∗∗ | 0.26∗∗∗ | 0.29∗∗∗ | 0.20∗∗∗ |
(6) Number line 1–100 | 0.18∗∗∗ | 0.14∗∗ | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.21∗∗∗ | – | 0.36∗∗∗ | 0.30∗∗∗ | 0.24∗∗∗ | 0.26∗∗∗ | 0.26∗∗∗ |
(7) Number knowledge 1–100 | 0.26∗∗∗ | 0.13∗∗ | 0.12∗ | 0.13∗∗ | 0.34∗∗∗ | 0.35∗∗∗ | – | 0.42∗∗∗ | 0.39∗∗∗ | 0.50∗∗∗ | 0.33∗∗∗ |
(8) Cito mathematics | 0.34∗∗∗ | 0.16∗∗ | 0.14∗∗ | 0.19∗∗∗ | 0.22∗∗∗ | 0.29∗∗∗ | 0.41∗∗∗ | – | 0.33∗∗∗ | 0.33∗∗∗ | 0.66∗∗∗ |
Emergent literacy at age 5 | |||||||||||
(9) Phonemic awareness | 0.15∗∗ | 0.13∗∗ | 0.15∗∗ | 0.23∗∗∗ | 0.25∗∗∗ | 0.24∗∗∗ | 0.38∗∗∗ | 0.33∗∗∗ | – | 0.53∗∗∗ | 0.42∗∗∗ |
(10) Letter knowledge | 0.17∗∗∗ | 0.05 | 0.14∗∗ | 0.14∗∗ | 0.28∗∗∗ | 0.25∗∗∗ | 0.49∗∗∗ | 0.33∗∗∗ | 0.52∗∗∗ | – | 0.31∗∗∗ |
(11) Cito language | 0.29∗∗∗ | 0.17∗∗ | 0.12∗ | 0.22∗∗∗ | 0.22∗∗∗ | 0.26∗∗∗ | 0.33∗∗∗ | 0.65∗∗∗ | 0.42∗∗∗ | 0.31∗∗∗ | – |
∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗p < 0.05. Correlations above the diagonal are based on true task scores, correlations below the diagonal are based on age-residualized scores.