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Scheme detailing the bacterial reproduction process in macrophages. A—The formed phagolysosome increases pH value and thereby increases PLD expression. Curiously, the phagolysosome is not able to digest the bacteria due to the presence of mycolic acid on the surface of the bacteria, inhibiting exocytosis. B—The high amount of PLD is enough to destroy the phagolysosome membrane by lysis, exposing the bacteria to the cytoplasm, in which they are able to survive and reproduce.
