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. 2017 Oct 12;8:791. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00791

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

Study; publication date; country Design Participants (analyzed); sport; age; level of play Parameters (included in quantitative analyses) Intervention
Ayala et al., 2017 Spain RCT N = 40 male soccer players;
16.8 (SD 0.7) y;
first national juvenile league		 Y-balance test;
10 and 20 m sprint;
Drop jump;
Illinois agility test		 “11+” vs. Harmoknee vs. control;
4 weeks, 3 × per week (max. 12 sessions)
Daneshjoo et al., 2012a,b, 2013 Iran RCT N = 36 male soccer players;
17 to 20 y;
professional level (daily training)		 Isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps strength (ratios);
Single leg stance;
Star excursion balance test;
20 m sprint;
Squat jump;
Illinois agility test;
Wall-volley test;
Slalom dribble		 “11+” vs. Harmoknee vs. control;
8 weeks, 3 × per week (max. 24 sessions)
DiStefano et al., 2010 USA Cluster-RCT N = 65 soccer players (N = 39 boys;
N = 28 girls);
10 (SD 1) y;
local soccer association		 Time-to-stabilization;
Countermovement jump		 Pediatric vs. traditional IPP (PEP) vs. control;
9 weeks, 3 × per week (max. 27 sessions)
Heleno et al., 2016 Brazil RCT N = 22 male soccer players;
14 to 16 y;
State and national competitions (5 training sessions per week)		 Y-balance test;
Single leg stance		 Sensorimotor + plyometric IPP vs. control;
5 weeks, 3 × per week (max. 15 sessions)
Kilding et al., 2008 New Zealand RCT N = 24 male soccer players;
10.4 (SD 1.4) y;
Local soccer club		 Countermovement jump;
3-step jump;
20 m sprint;
Illinois agility test		 “The 11” vs. control;
6 weeks, 5 × per week (once per week supervised; max. 30 sessions)
Lim et al., 2009 Korea RCT N = 22 female basketball players;
15 to 17 y;
Highschool basketball		 Countermovement jump Modified PEP vs. control;
8 weeks, frequency n.a.
Lindblom et al., 2012 Sweden Cluster- RCT N = 41 female soccer players;
12 to 16 y;
Local soccer clubs (2 training sessions per week)		 Star excursion balance test;
Countermovement jump;
3-step jump;
10 and 20 m sprint;
Modified Illinois agility test		 Knäkontroll vs. control;
11 weeks, 2 × per week (max. 22 sessions)
O'Malley et al., 2017 Ireland Cluster- RCT N = 56 male Gaelic football and hurling players;
18.1 to 18.8 y;
First year collegiate level		 Y-balance test “GAA 15” vs. control;
8 weeks, 2 × per week (max. 16 sessions)
Reis et al., 2013 Portugal RCT N = 36 male futsal players;
17.3 (SD 0.7) y;
5.8 h futsal activity per week		 Isokinetic hamstring and quadriceps strength (ratios);
5 and 30 m sprint;
T-test;
Countermovement jump;
Single leg stance;
Slalom dribble		 “11+” vs. control;
12 weeks, 2 × per week (max. 24 sessions)
Rössler et al., 2016 Switzerland Cluster- RCT N = 122 male soccer players;
7 to 13 y;
2 training sessions per week		 Single leg stance;
Y-balance test;
Drop and countermovement jump;
Standing long jump;
20 m sprint;
Agility parcours;
Slalom dribble;
Wall-volley test		 “11+ Kids” vs. control (sham treatment);
10 weeks, 2 × pre week (max. 20 sessions)
Steffen et al., 2008 Norway RCT N = 31 female soccer players;
17.1 (SD 0.8) y;
Elite sport high schools, competitive level (13.3 h soccer activities per week)		 Isokinetic and isometric hamstring and quadriceps strength (ratios);
Drop and countermovement jump;
40 m sprint;
Slalom dribble		 “The 11” vs. control;
10 weeks, 3 × per week (max. 30 sessions)
Steffen et al., 2013 Canada Cluster- RCT N = 148 female soccer players;
13 to 18 y;
Minor and youth soccer associations, 3 highest levels		 Single leg stance;
3-step jump;
Y-balance test		 Regular “11+” vs. control;
4.5 months; 2–3 × per week (max. 57 sessions)
Vescovi and VanHeest, 2010 USA Cluster- RCT N = 31 female soccer players;
13 to 18 y;
Local soccer community (3 training sessions per week)		 9.1, 18.3, 27.4 and 36.6 m sprint;
Countermovement jump;
Modified Illinois agility test		 PEP vs. control;
12 weeks, 3 × per week (max. 36 sessions)
Zech et al., 2014 Germany RCT N = 30 male field hockey players;
14.9 (SD 3) y;
Highest regional youth division (2 training sessions per week)		 Y-balance test;
Time-to-stabilization		 Neuromuscular IPP vs. control;
10 weeks, 2 × per week (max. 20 sessions)

SD, standard deviation; RCT, randomized controlled trial; IPP, injury prevention program; PEP, prevent injuries enhance performance.