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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Aug 2;168:1–11. doi: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.010

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Among the consequences of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), intermittent hypoxia plays a major role in the development of associated cardiovascular pathologies. More specifically, intermittent hypoxia is well recognized to induce oxidative stress with subsequent activation of the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) transcription factor and upregulation of genes deleterious for the cardiovascular system such as the endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene. NFκB, nuclear factor kappa B; VasoC, vasoconstriction.