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. 2017 Oct 16;7:12802. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12878-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Highly deformed steps in natural collagen models²⁵ and the fluctuation frequencies of the deformation scores found upon Fourier transformation. (a) Top left: a schematic representation of triple helix packing in the Type I collagen microfibril. Top right: an enlarged view of the in situ packing model. Bottom: an individual triple helix in the fibril. The 11 highly deformed steps (deformation scores ≥ 3000) highlighted with magenta spheres in the packing model and the individual triple helix. (b) The deformation scores are plotted against collagen sequence number. (c) Fluctuation frequency peaks of deformation scores are derived from Fourier transformation. The most significant frequency is 4, and the corresponding periodicity is 252 residues (periodicity = 1008 residues/frequency).