. 2016 Nov 2;2(2):81–91. doi: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2016.09.003

Table 1.

Characteristics of included studies.

First author's name	Publication year	Cohort design	Mean baseline SUA, mg/dl	Mean age, years	Sample size, n	Number of cases	Adjusted RR (95% CI)	Multivariable adjustment
Medalie¹³	1975	H	4.8	49	8688	344	1.15 (0.99–1.32)^a	Age, BMI, PVD, SBP, cholesterol, hemoglobin, born in Europe, education
Ohlson¹⁴	1988	H	5.3	50	766	47	1.27 (1.0–1.58)^a	Glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood glucose, BMI, Bilirubin, SBP, FHD
Perry¹⁵	1995	P	6.0	50	7577	194	1.15 (0.96–1.36)^a	Age, BMI, prevalent coronary heart disease, physical activity, alcohol, smoking, SBP, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, heart rate
Chou¹⁶	1998	H	5.8	50	654	39	1.73 (1.17–2.57)^b	NA
Taniguchi¹⁷	2001	P	5.2	41	6478	639	1.01 (0.94–1.09)^a	Age, BMI, alcohol, smoking, physical activity, FBG, FHD
Meisinger¹⁸	2002	H						Survey
Men¹⁸			5.7	52	3052	128	1.04 (0.91–1.20)^a
Women¹⁸			4.0	51	3114	85	1.60 (1.34–1.91)^a
Lin¹⁹	2004	H						NA
Men¹⁹			8.0	49	293	27	0.85 (0.62–1.17)^b
Women¹⁹			7.1	55	161	21	1.46 (1.08–1.98)^b
Chien²⁰	2008	H	5.6	54	2690	548	1.09 (1.01–1.17)^a	Age, BMI, alcohol, exercise, marital status, education level, occupation, FHD, MS
Dehghan²¹	2008	P	5.4	Over 55	4536	462	1.09 (1.03–1.16)^a	Age, sex, BMI, WC, SBP/DBP, HDL-cholesterol
Nan²²	2008	H						cohort, serum creatinine, alcohol drinking, history of hypertension, FHD and ethnicity, fasting serum insulin
Men²²			6.6	41	1941	337	1.13 (1.05–1.23)^a
Women²²			5.0	42	2318	379	1.04 (0.96–1.14)^a
Kramer²³	2009	H	5.7	63.3 ± 8.6	566	55	1.63 (1.21–2.19)^b	Age, sex, BMI, diuretic use, estimated glomerular filtration rate
Rathmann²⁴	2009	P	5.1 ± 1.3	63.9 ± 5.4	887	93	1.70 (1.3–2.3)^b	Age, sex
Men²⁴			6.3 ± 1.3	63.4 ± 5.4	449	60	1.50 (1.1–2.2)^b
Women²⁴			4.96 ± 1.3	62.9 ± 5.4	438	33	2.20 (1.3–3.9)^b
Bhole²⁵	2010	P						Age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, blood glucose level, blood cholesterol level, creatinine level, serum triglyceride level
Original²⁵			4.3 ± 1.1	45	4883	641	1.20 (1.11–1.28)^a
Offspring²⁵			5.7 ± 1.4	37	4292	497	1.15 (1.06–1.23)^a
Yamada²⁶	2011	P						Age. BMI, FHD, hypertension, triglyceride, fatty liver, alcohol, smoking
Men²⁶			5.97 ± 1.21	48.4 ± 10.2	7114	576	1.00 (0.92–1.09)^b
Women²⁶			4.27 ± 0.92	50.0 ± 9.1	5529	221	1.36 (1.17–1.58)^b
Tiange²⁷	2011	P	4.78 ± 1.50	61.6	924	98	1.199 (1.033–1.391)^a	Age, sex, BMI, FHD, smoking, alcohol, SBP/DBP, HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, FBG, fasting insulin, serum creatinine, white blood cell, high sensitive C-reactive protein
Kai²⁸	2011	P	5.22 ± 1.33	45–64	711	68	1.426 (1.17–1.705)^a	BMI, PP, PPI, SBP, heart rate, FBG, WC, total cholesterol, HDL-C

SUA: serum uric acid; PVD: peripheral vascular disease; FHD: family history of diabetes; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HDL: high density lipoprotein; MS: metabolic syndrome; WC: waist circumference; BMI: body mass index; SBP/DBP: systolic/diastolic blood pressure; alcohol: alcohol consumption; PP: pulse pressure; PPI: pulse pressure index; NA: not available; H: Historical; P: Prospective.

^aHR or RR; ^bAdjusted OR.