Table 1.
Characteristics of the sampled participants by diabetic status.a
| Variables | Diabetesb (n = 2061) | Non-diabetes (n = 17,878) | Overall (n = 19,939) | Pc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 54.1 ± 11.3 | 43.3 ± 13.1 | 44.4 ± 13.3 | <0.001 |
| Women | 910 (44.2) | 10,002 (56.0) | 10,912 (54.7) | <0.001 |
| Rural | 658 (31.9) | 6280 (35.1) | 6938 (34.8) | 0.004 |
| Employed | 1178 (57.2) | 14,281 (79.9) | 15,459 (77.5) | <0.001 |
| Education, years | ||||
| <6 | 286 (13.9) | 1249 (7.0) | 1535 (7.7) | <0.001e |
| 7–12 | 1341 (65.1) | 10,047 (56.2) | 11,388 (57.2) | |
| ≥13 | 432 (21.0) | 6571 (36.8) | 7003 (35.2) | |
| Income, 10,000 yuan/year | ||||
| ≤1.9 | 621 (31.9) | 4467 (26.5) | 5088 (27.1) | <0.001e |
| 2.0–3.4 | 829 (42.5) | 6862 (40.7) | 7691 (40.9) | |
| ≥3.5 | 499 (25.6) | 5534 (32.8) | 6033 (32.1) | |
| Smoke | 849 (41.2) | 5345 (29.9) | 6194 (31.1) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol drinking | 778 (37.8) | 5857 (32.8) | 6635 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, Mets·hour/weekd | 55.7 (28.0–98.0) | 51.1 (24.3–91.7) | 51.1 (24.9–92.0) | <0.001f |
| Family history of diabetes | 808 (39.2) | 3400 (19.0) | 4208 (21.1) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.8 ± 3.6 | 25.0 ± 3.8 | 25.2 ± 3.8 | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 90.3 ± 10.2 | 83.0 ± 10.9 | 83.7 ± 11.1 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.9 ± 1.9 | 5.7 ± 0.5 | 6.0 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 8.8 ± 3.0 | 5.1 ± 0.6 | 5.5 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 141.2 ± 19.6 | 128.5 ± 18.4 | 129.8 ± 19.0 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 86.3 ± 11.8 | 81.6 ± 11 | 82.1 ± 11.2 | <0.001 |
| TC, mg/dL | 200.6 ± 45.2 | 184.4 ± 37.2 | 186.0 ± 38.4 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dl | 42.2 ± 10.3 | 45.1 ± 10.7 | 44.8 ± 10.7 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dl | 111.0 ± 33.5 | 101.4 ± 29.4 | 102.4 ± 30.0 | <0.001 |
| TG, mg/dl | 154.1 ± 1.9 | 105.8 ± 1.8 | 110.0 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index; WC: waist circumference; Mets: metabolic equivalents; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; FBG: fasting blood glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides.
Values are expressed as means ± SD for continuous variables or n (%) for categorical variables.
Diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or history of diagnosed diabetes and/or using anti-diabetic agents.
P was for diabetes and non-diabetes.
Physical activity is described as median (interquartile range).
P values were calculated using chi-square test.
P value was calculated using non-parametric test.