Table 1.
Demographic and perioperative data
| Group Ep-R | Group Ep-RM | Group IV-M | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yr) | 63 ± 10 | 59 ± 13 | 61 ± 11 | 0.79 |
| Weight (kg) | 76 ± 14 | 75 ± 12 | 79 ± 10 | 0.71 |
| Height (cm) | 176 (175–182) | 179.5 (178–184) | 178.50 (176–182) | 0.65 |
| Estimated blood loss (ml) | 200 (200–600) | 475 (100–600) | 200 (100–500) | 0.83 |
| Duration of surgery (min) | 153 ± 53 | 175 ± 84 | 188 ± 82 | 0.58 |
| Fluids Crystalloids (ml.kg−1) | 26 ± 16 | 37 ± 23 | 26 ± 13 | 0.31 |
| Fluids Colloids (ml.kg−1) | 10 ± 7 | 14 ± 11 | 10 ± 11 | 0.55 |
| Epidural details | ||||
| Level of epidural catheter | T6 (n = 2) | T5 (n = 1) | NA | – |
| T7 (n = 4) | T6 (n = 4) | |||
| T8 (n = 4) | T7 (n = 4) | |||
| T9 (n = 1) | ||||
| Upper Sensory level | T2 (n = 1) | T3 (n = 2) | NA | – |
| T3 (n = 2) | T4 (n = 5) | |||
| T4 (n = 4) | T5 (n = 3) | |||
| T5 (n = 1) | ||||
| T6 (n = 1) | ||||
| Lower sensory level | T8 (n = 4) | T8 (n = 3) | NA | – |
| T9 (n = 1) | T9 (n = 3) | |||
| T11 (n = 2) | T10 (n = 3) | |||
| T12 (n = 1) | T11 (n = 1) | |||
| L3 (n = 1) | ||||
| Total sensory levels blocked | 7 (5–8) | 6 (5–6) | NA | 0.13 |
| Type of surgery | ||||
| Lobectomy | n = 8 | n = 6 | n = 8 | – |
| Mass resection | n = 2 | n = 4 | n = 1 | – |
| Thoracic wall tumour | – | – | n = 1 | – |
| Side effects | – | |||
| Orthostatic hypotension | n = 2 | n = 1 | – | |
| Nausea | – | n = 1 | n = 1 | |
| Pruritus | – | n = 1 | n = 2 | |
| Drowsiness | – | n = 1 | ||
| SBP1 | 119 ± 16 | 128 ± 18 | 129 ± 15 | 0.361 |
| DBP1 | 69 ± 10.31 | 73 ± 10 | 72 ± 12 | 0.393 |
| HR1 | 83 ± 7 | 78 ± 7 | 83 ± 11 | 0.431 |
| SBP3 | 122 ± 11 | 124 ± 24 | 128 ± 16 | 0.362 |
| DBP3 | 69 ± 7 | 69 ± 8 | 77 ± 22 | 0.679 |
| HR3 | 84 ± 5 | 83 ± 14 | 78 ± 32 | 0.827 |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD, median (interquartile range) or absolute values. p values <0.05 represent statistically significant results. (Ep-R Epidural Ropivacaine, Ep-RM Epidural Ropivacaine and Morphine, IV-M Intravenous Morphine, SBP 1,3 systolic blood pressure on 1st and 3rd postoperative day respectively, DBP 1,3 diastolic blood pressure on 1st and 3rd postoperative day respectively, HR 1,3 heart rate on 1st and 3rd postoperative day respectively