Fig. 6.

Response of microglia towards Th1- or Th17-treated astrocytes. a Migration of microglia from the upper side of the Transwell membrane to the lower side in response to medium and Th1- or Th17-treated astrocytes was assessed by transmigration assay performed with microglia in the upper chamber and astrocytes plated in the lower chamber of a Transwell system. Fold changes in transmigration of microglia through the membrane in response to Th1- or Th17-treated astrocytes compared to medium control were measured by counting DAPI⁺ cells in 10 randomly selected fields on the lower side of the membrane. The results are representative of a minimum of five independent experiments. b The phagocytic ability of microglia co-cultured with medium and Th1- or Th17-treated astrocytes was measured using a latex bead uptake assay. Uptake of fluorescently labeled beads was measured by flow cytometry. The bar graphs represent fold change in phagocytosis of microglia co-cultured with Th1 or Th17 supernatant-pretreated astrocytes compared to those cultured with medium-treated astrocytes. The results are mean ± SEM with *p ≤ 0.05 and **p ≤ 0.01 of four independent experiments (n = 4)