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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Oct 17.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Pharm Des. 2015;21(21):3032–3040. doi: 10.2174/1381612821666150514105741

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the signaling pathways associated with Snail and Twist induced EMT.

Figure 1

An integrated and complex signaling network, including RTKs, TGF-β, Notch, Wnt, TNF-α, and BMPs signaling pathways, activate Snail and Twist, resulting in the EMT induction. Snail functions as a transcriptional repressor to suppress genes that prevent cell migration and growth (such as E-cadherin and FBP1); whereas Twist acts as a transcriptional activator to induce genes that favor cell migration and proliferation (Wnt5A) in an analogy of a moving car that has disabled brakes and an accelerating engine.