Table 1.

Clinical factors affecting glycemic management in non-critically ill diabetes patients

1. Factors that predispose to hyperglycemia:

• Glucocorticosteroid use

• Infection

• Stress of underlying illness

• Increase in carbohydrate intake

• Parenteral nutrition

• Inadequate glycemic therapy

2. Factors that predispose to improved glucose control and/or hypoglycemia:

• Renal dysfunction

• Advanced age

• Discontinuation or reduction in glucocorticosteroids

• Decreased carbohydrate intake (NPO status, interruption of tube feeding)

• Organ failure (heart, liver, kidney)

• Adrenal insufficiency

• Malnutrition/frailty

• Resolution of underlying illness

• Increased physical activity/mobilization

• Polypharmacy

• Resolution of hyperglycemia (via alleviation of glucosetoxicity)