Table 8.

F-measure of state-of-the-art NER systems

Class	Entity	No mentions	Open NLP	Stanford NER
Nanomedicine description	Company	197	0.65	0.74
	Trade name	6,716	0.72	0.81
Physicochemical characterization	Active ingredient	2,161	0.59	0.77
	Core composition	89	0.23	0.27
	Molecular weight	50	0.58	0.84
	Nanoparticle	854	0.65	0.82
	Surface coating	62	0.43	0.59
Pharmacokinetic parameters	AUC	47	0.26	0.41
	Clearance	49	0.35	0.31
	Cmax	45	0.45	0.50
	Plasma half-life	56	0.47	0.67
Exposure	Dose	2,283	0.54	0.68
	Route of administration	1,192	0.67	0.78
Biologic response	Adverse reaction	6,989	0.10	0.12
	Indication	1,396	0.51	0.64

Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; Cmax, maximum concentration measured in blood; NER, named entity recognition; NLP, natural language processing.