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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017 Oct 5;14(11):635–636. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.156

Figure 1. Non-HDL-cholesterol levels and risk of coronary heart disease in drug trials and genetic studies.

Figure 1

Comparison of the effects of drugs (circles) and corresponding genetic proxies (squares) on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) according to their treatment and genetic effects on non-HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The three values from the Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ collaboration (CTT; green circles) are derived, from left to right, from: five trials of more versus less statin; 17 trials of statin versus placebo with <50 mg/dl average difference in non-HDL-C levels; and four trials of statin versus placebo with >50 mg/dl average difference in non-HDL-C levels. These data and the data from REVEAL were obtained from2; estimates obtained using PlotDigitizer (http://plotdigitizer.sourceforge.net/). Data on genetic variants were obtained from ref. 6 and scaled to match the corresponding differences in non-HDL-C achieved from drug trials, using apolipoprotein B as a proxy for non-HDL-C. CHD end points: coronary death or myocardial infarction (MI) in REVEAL and CCT; MI in IMPROVE-IT and FOURIER; and MI, coronary revascularization, stroke, or coronary death in Ference et al.6. CETP, cholesteryl ester transfer protein; HMGCR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; NPC1L1, Niemann–Pick C1-like protein 1.