. 2017 Jun 29;33(11):1905–1916. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3458-2

Table 2.

Demographic and clinical characteristic of enrolled infants

	Group without IVH N = 55 (%)	Group with IVH grade 1-4 N = 45 (%)	p value	Group without IVH and with IVH grade 1 and 2 N = 89 (%)	Group with IVH grade 3–4 N = 11 (%)	p value
Gender
Male	29 (52.73)	25 (55.56)	0.778^a	47 (52.81)	7 (63.64)	0.719^b
Female	26 (47.27)	20 (44.44)	0.778^a	42 (47.19)	4 (36.36)	0.719^b
Gestational age (weeks)
24 + 0–28 + 6	19 (34.55)	35 (77.78)	0.00002^s	44 (49.44)	10 (90.91)	0.022^b
29 + 0–32 + 0	36 (65.45)	10 (22.22)	0.00002^s	45 (50.56)	1 (9.09)	0.022^b
Birth weight (g)
<750	3 (5.45)	11 (24.44)	0.0003^a	12 (13.48)	2 (18.18)	0.057^a
750–1000	10 (18.18)	17 (37.78)		21 (23.60)	6 (54.55)
>1000	42 (76.37)	17 (37.78)		56 (62.92)	3 (27.27)
Apgar score (median and range)
1st minute	6 (1–10)	4 (1–10)	0.0001^c	6 (1–10)	3 (1–7)	0.054^c
5th minute	8 (5–10)	7 (1–9)	0.0005^c	7 (2–10)	7 (1–8)	0.009^c
Mode of delivery
Vaginal	17 (29.09)	24 (53.33)	0.039^d	35 (39.30)	6 (54.55)	0.520^d
Cesarean section	38 (69.09)	21 (46.67)	0.039^d	54 (60.70)	5 (45.45)	0.520^d
Asphyxia (pH >7.0 or BE <−12)
Yes	0 (0.00)	3 (6.98)	0.084^e	2 (2.30)	1 (10.00)	0.713^b
No	54 (100.00)	40 (93.02)	0.084^e	85 (97.7)	9 (90.00)	0.713^b
Intrauterine infection
Yes	22 (40.00)	33 (73.33)	0.0009^a	46 (51.69)	9 (81.82)	0.116^b
No	33 (60.00)	12 (26.67)	0.0009^a	43 (48.31)	2 (18.18)	0.116^b
Deaths	2 (3.63)	8 (17.77)	0.038^b	5 (5.6)	5 (45.45)	0.0004^b

^aChi-square test

^bChi-square test with Yates’ correction

^cMann–Whitney U test

^dFisher–Freeman–Halton test

^eFisher’s exact test