Table 1.
Mean (SD) baseline level, and change, of body size, metabolic factors, and dietary intake in 585 a women and men who completed the dietary intervention and in whom data on dietary intake were available
| Variable | Women (n = 441) |
Men (n = 144) |
All (n = 585) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| baseline | change b | baseline | change b | baseline | change b | |
| Age, years | 36.4 (8.0) | 39.1 (7.8) | 37.1 (8.0) | |||
| Weight, kg | 97.1 (14.5) | −6.6 (3.2) | 109.7 (15.1) | −8.3 (3.6) | 100.2 (15.6) | −7.0 (3.4) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 35.8 (4.8) | −2.4 (1.2) | 34.5 (4.0) | −2.6 (1.1) | 35.5 (4.6) | −2.5 (1.2) |
| Fat mass, kg | 43.2 (10.9) | −5.2 (3.0) | 33.8 (10.0) | −6.3 (3.0) | 40.9 (11.4) | −5.5 (3.0) |
| Fat-free mass, kg | 54.1 (5.6) | −1.4 (1.8) | 75.9 (6.7) | −2.0 (2.4) | 59.5 (11.1) | −1.6 (2.0) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 103.2 (12.1) | −6.0 (4.4) | 113.4 (10.8) | −7.9 (4.3) | 105.7 (12.6) | −6.5 (4.5) |
| Plasma glucose, mmol/l | 5.3 (0.5) | −0.1 (0.4) | 5.7 (0.6) | −0.3 (0.5) | 5.4 (0.6) | −0.1 (0.4) |
| Serum insulin, pmol/l | 59.3 (33.7) | −6.2 (29.6) | 67.9 (37.9) | −15.4 (33.8) | 61.4 (34.9) | −8.5 (30.9) |
| HOMA-IR | 1.1 (0.6) | −0.1 (0.6) | 1.3 (0.7) | −0.3 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.7) | −0.2 (0.6) |
| Free fatty acids, μmol/l | 541 (151) | −40 (187) | 435 (134) | 4.6 (153) | 514 (154) | −29 (180) |
| Triglycerides, µmol/l | 997 (536) | −30 (380) | 1 306 (692) | −243 (581) | 1 073 (593) | −82 (447) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 4.9 (0.9) | −0.3 (0.6) | 5.1 (0.9) | −0.5 (0.6) | 4.9 (0.9) | −0.3 (0.6) |
| LDL, mmol/l | 3.3 (0.8) | −0.2 (0.5) | 3.5 (0.8) | −0.4 (0.5) | 3.3 (0.8) | −0.2 (0.5) |
| HDL, mmol/l | 1.2 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.3) | −0.1 (0.2) |
| LDL/HDL ratio | 3.0 (1.1) | 0.1 (0.6) | 3.8 (1.0) | −0.3 (0.7) | 3.2 (1.2) | 0.0 (0.6) |
| Energy intake, kcal/day | 2 049 (529) | −567 (510) | 2 641 (800) | −751 (762) | 2 195 (658) | −612 (587) |
| Fat% | 36.8 (7.3) | −4.2 (11.4) | 37.1 (8.6) | −3.7 (12.1) | 36.9 (7.7) | −4.1 (11.6) |
| Carb% | 45.6 (8.1) | 4.1 (11.6) | 43.2 (9.7) | 5.5 (12.0) | 45.0 (8.6) | 4.5 (11.7) |
| Prot% | 16.2 (3.3) | 1.3 (3.7) | 16.5 (3.2) | 1.0 (3.3) | 16.3 (3.3) | 1.2 (3.6) |
| Alc% | 1.3 (2.9) | −1.2 (2.9) | 3.2 (5.3) | −2.8 (5.1) | 1.8 (3.7) | −1.6 (3.6) |
Fat%, Carb%, Prot% and Alc% = percent energy intake from fat, carbohydrates, protein and alcohol respectively.
Data were missing or extreme values were excluded for: fat mass, 20 participants; fat-free mass, 23; waist circumference, 4; glucose, 4; insulin, 11; HOMA-IR, 11; free fatty acids, 1; triglycerides, 6; cholesterol, 2; LDL, 10; HDL, 2; LDL/HDL ratio, 10.
Change of measures of body size and metabolic factors refers to the difference between baseline and after the intervention. Change in dietary intake is the difference between reported intake at baseline (day 1 + day 2 + day 3) / 3 and at week 2 and/or 5, and week 10 ((week 2 + week 5) / 2) + ((week 10, day 1 + day 2 + day 3) / 3) / 2.